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Architectural Styles Through History: From Ancient Egypt to Modern Functionalism

Studying architecture helps us understand history better. Explore iconic structures such as the Egyptian Pyramids, Greek Parthenon, Roman Coliseum, and Gothic Notre Dame. Discover the evolution of materials, designs, and famous architects from different eras. Dive into the details of Baroque extravagance, Neo-Classical symmetry, Art Nouveau creativity, and sleek Art Deco aesthetics. From ancient monuments to contemporary skyscrapers, architecture reflects the cultural and technological advancements of civilizations worldwide.

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Architectural Styles Through History: From Ancient Egypt to Modern Functionalism

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  1. Architecture

  2. Studying architecture helps usunderstand history better .

  3. 3,000 BC – 70 AD EgyptianPyramids • burial places for pharaohs • built by thousands of slaves The Great Sfinx of Giza

  4. England • ASTRONOMICAL PURPOSES OR WORSHIPPING? Stonehenge 3,100-1,900 BC Avebury

  5. Greece and RomeClassicalarchitecture 600 BC – 5th AD Artemis Temple (Greece) Parthenon (Greece) Coliseum (Rome) • Decorativeelements: • columns • arches Materials: inventionofconcrete

  6. Hadrian´s Wall between England and Scotland • - 120 km long protective line (the • Picts´attacks) • buildingwasstarted in 122 AD by Roman Emperor Hadrian

  7. Romanesquearchitecture(11-13thcentury) St George´s Basilica on mountain Říp • Typicalbuildings: • Basilicas • Monasteries • rotundas St. George´s Basilica in Prague Material: stone

  8. Romanesque architecture (11-13th century) • features: • massivebuildings • roundarches • paintedwalls • roundedwindows, doors Durham Cathedral – a typical Romanesque building in England

  9. Gothicarchitecture(12 – 15thcentury) Notre Dame in Paris Salisbury Cathedral, England Features: - arches - vaults - tallbuildings - colourfulstainedglasswindows

  10. Gothic architecture (12 – 15th century) Famousarchitects: Peter Parler Matthias ofArras Saint Vitus Cathedral in Prague Karlstein

  11. Renaissancearchitecture(15 – 16thcentury) Renaissance = rebirthoflife Typicalfeatures: - smallersymmetricalbuildings - horizontal lines - windows and doors square orrectangular - sgraffito, stucco Louvre St. Peter´s Basilica in Vatican

  12. Renaissance architecture (15 – 16th century) Typicalbuildings: mansions palaces townhouses Architects: MichelangeloBuonarotti Leonardo da Vinci Rafael Santi Slavonice Belveder Palace in Prague

  13. Baroquearchitecture(17 – 19thcentury) St Paul´s Cathedral In London Architects: - Sir Christopher Wren Versailles, Paris • Typicalfeatures: • complicatedshapes • fancydecorations • luxuriousdetails • irregularshapes • contrastbetweenlight and darkcolours • - extravagantornamentation

  14. Baroque architecture(17 – 19th century) Buildings: chateaux hugedomes St Nicholas Church in Prague Troja Palace, Prague

  15. Classicism (18th century) Inspired by ancientGreece • Typicalbuildings: • spas • theatres • triumpharches • gates • fortifications František´s Spas Theatre of Estates in Prague • Typicalfeatures: • straight lines • lightcolours • not many decorations

  16. Neo-Classicalarchitecture(18 – 19thcentury) Capitol Inspiration: Roman and Greekbuildings White House • Typicalfeatures: • geometricalshapes • columns • domedroofs

  17. Neo-Gothicarchitecture(18 – 20thcentury) the Houses of Parliament

  18. Art Nouveau (1895 – 1905) Municipal House in Prague • Features: • twisting lines • wavyshapes • focus on details Industrial Palace in Prague • New materials • glass • clay Main Train Station in Prague

  19. Art Nouveau (1895 – 1905) in Kladno Theatre in Kladno GrammarSchool Library

  20. Art Deco architecture(1918 – 1939) The Empire State Building Radio City Music Hall in New York

  21. Art Deco architecture(1918 – 1939) • originally only for rich people • later became popular with the general public Alcron Hotel in Prague • Materials: • aluminium • stainless steel • Lacquer • Bakelite • Chrome • inlaid wood

  22. Functionalism1920 - 1970 Villa Tugendhat in Brno Tower block in Kladno-Rozdelov

  23. VOCABULARY monastery – mužský klášter pharao – faraon worshipping – uctívání bohů concrete – beton arch - oblouk vault – klenba colourful stained glass – vitráž rectangular – obdélníkový, pravoúhlý mansion – honosné sídlo, velký obytný dům mansions (GB - blok činožovních domů) fancy – luxusní, vyšperkovaný dome – kupole, báň chrámu Art Nouveau – secese the general public – široká veřejnost chrome – pochromovaný povrch inlaid wood – vykládané dřevo

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