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Fire & Explosion Risk Assessment

Fire & Explosion Risk Assessment. Roslinormansyah EHS Manager PT. Alstom Power ESI. Outline of Lecture. Understanding Fire and Explosion. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard. Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control.

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Fire & Explosion Risk Assessment

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  1. Fire & Explosion Risk Assessment Roslinormansyah EHS Manager PT. Alstom Power ESI

  2. Outline of Lecture Understanding Fire and Explosion Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control

  3. Understanding Fire and Explosion

  4. Understanding Fire and Explosion History of Fire and Explosion Incident Carbide Industries, Fire & Explosion March , 2011

  5. Understanding Fire and Explosion History of Fire and Explosion Incident Kleen Energy, Explosion June, 2009

  6. Understanding Fire and Explosion Definition Fire : A slow combustion that significant without overpressure Explosion : A release of energy that causes a blast Flammability Limit : The minimum (lower,LFL) and maximum concentration of combustible vapor in air that will propagate a flame (source : Guidelines CPQRA, AIChE, 2000)

  7. Understanding Fire and Explosion Basic Philosophy

  8. Understanding Fire and Explosion Philosophy of FERA Objective of FERA Flammability Limits range

  9. Understanding Fire and Explosion Flammability Limits (FL) Flammability Limits (FL) = ƒ (suhu, tekanan, inert gas)

  10. Understanding Fire and Explosion Philosophy of Combustion Combusation = ƒ (FL, Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE), Surface Area)

  11. Understanding Fire and Explosion Fire occurance step Jet Fire Flash Fire Pool Fire Fireball

  12. Understanding Fire and Explosion Explosion occurance step Explosion Physical Explosion Chemical Explosion Overpressure BLEVE - Fireball RPT UVCE/CVE Runway reaction

  13. Understanding Fire and Explosion Physical Properties Key Factor of Flammable Boiling Point Vapor Pressure Flash Point Autoignition Enthalphy of Combustion (ΔHc) MIE Density Conductivity of material Size of material

  14. Understanding Fire and Explosion Environmental Properties Key Factor of Fire /Explosion Operational Parameter (Pressure, Flowrate, Temp, etc) Lay-out of unit process/equipment Installation (congested, confined, etc) Source of heat (open fire, conductive heat, static electric, etc) Meteorogical condition (Wind speed, direction, etc) Leakage dimension (bore, rupture, hole, etc)

  15. Understanding Fire and Explosion Impact of Fire & Explosion Breakage the molecular bond Heat Flux / Heat Radition Poisonous Gas Blast Wave/Shock Wave Debris trajectory/projectile

  16. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard

  17. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Overall Risk Assessment Process

  18. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Detail Risk Assessment Process

  19. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards Scenario Development Screening Method Credible Scenario Potential Accident Scenario

  20. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards • Scenario Development • – Merupakan “critical step” • dalam FERA • Key word : Loss of Containment • Tool yang umum dipergunakan • What-If • HAZOPs • FMEA • Incident Analysis • Tie-Bow Analysis

  21. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards • Screening Method • – Mencari scenario yang memiliki tingkat “rangking/index” yang • besar • Umumnya berbagai scenario tersebut dibandingkan • Metode yang umumnya dipergunakan : • Kualitatif : Risk Rating, Expert Adviser • Semi-kuantitatif : TNO-Purple Book Method, DFEI, DCEI • AHP (expert judgement), SWeHI, MaxCred Method

  22. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards • Credible Scenario • Merupakan scenario yang akan dianalisis lebih lanjut tingkat • “consequences” dan “probability”-nya • Merupakan model yang memiliki tingkat “kemiripan” yang tinggi bila terjadi accident • Tidak menggambarkan secara keseluruhan (each system has particular credible scenario)

  23. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Step 2 – Determination of frequency and consequences • Frequency • Menggambarkan tingkat “failure” setiap peralatan yang terlibat dalam Credible Scenario • Memiliki satuan (……../waktu)

  24. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Step 2 – Determination of frequency and consequences Frequency Fault Tree Analysis

  25. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Frequency Event Tree Analysis

  26. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Frequency

  27. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Consequences

  28. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Consequences

  29. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Consequences Impact Calculation of Explosion TNT Method BST Method TNO Method

  30. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Consequences Impact Calculation of Explosion TNT Method

  31. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Consequences Impact Calculation of Explosion TNO Method

  32. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Consequences Impact Calculation of Explosion BST Method

  33. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Consequences Impact Calculation of Fire Fire Ball Effect Jet Fire Effect Pool Fire Effect

  34. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Consequences Impact Calculation of Fire Fire Ball Effect

  35. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Consequences Impact Calculation of Fire Pool Fire Effect

  36. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Consequences Impact Calculation of Fire Jet Fire Effect

  37. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Estimating the Risk Analysis Explosion Frequency

  38. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Estimating the Risk Analysis Fire Ball Frequency

  39. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Estimating the Risk Analysis Pool Fire Frequency

  40. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Estimating the Risk Analysis Individual Risk Calculation

  41. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Estimating the Risk Analysis Societal Risk Calculation

  42. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Risk Criteria

  43. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards Fire and Explosion Risk Assessment Result

  44. Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control

  45. Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control Startegy Prevention and Mitigation Mitigation Barrier Prevention Barrier

  46. Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control Prevention Barrier • Inherently Safe Practice Principles • Minimize: Reducing the amount of hazardous material present at any one time • Substitute: Replacing one material with another of less hazard • Moderate:Reducing the strength of an effect • Simplify: Designing out problems rather than adding additional equipment or features to deal with them • Engineering consideration • Hazardous Area Zone Classification (IEC/EN 60079, NFPA 479, API 500) • Heating Venting Air Circulation (HVAC) system • Electric Static Discharge (ESD) system • Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) Design • Emergency Shut Down Valve (ESDV) System • Lay-out facility (lokasi, jarak, dll) • Mechanical Protection (Material, Coating, dll) • Inerting System

  47. Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control Prevention Barrier • Operation Consideration • Preventive Maintenance Program (inspeksi rutin, testing peralatan, dll) • Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) (operating parameter controlling, alarm system, dll) • Housekeeping • Kompetensi Personel • Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Pengendalian Kerugian (Manajemen resiko) • Permit System • Storage and handling management system • Cooling system (Deluge water system, vessel cooling system, dll) • Accident Investigation and Lesson Learned • Electrical Connection System (Lighting Protection, Grounding, dll)

  48. Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control Mitigation Barrier • Engineering Consideration • Hydrant & Sprinkle System • Purging system (PSV, Rupture Disc, Flare System, dll) • Dikes Network • Water Curtain System • CO2/Inert Gas Suppression System • Blast-Wall

  49. Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control Mitigation Barrier • Operation Consideration • Fire Extinghuisers (APAR) • Foam system • Emergency Response Plan (assembly area) • Personal Protective Equipment (APD) • Community Emergency Response

  50. Question ?

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