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The Collapse of the Shoguns

The Collapse of the Shoguns. The opening of Japan eventually led to the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868 Civil war broke out Japanese feudalism collapsed with the “restoration” of the emperor. The Meiji Restoration. Program of modernization and industrialization implemented

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The Collapse of the Shoguns

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  1. The Collapse of the Shoguns • The opening of Japan eventually led to the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868 • Civil war broke out • Japanese feudalism collapsed with the “restoration” of the emperor The Meiji Restoration Program of modernization and industrialization implemented New industrial base expanded rapidly between 1868 and 1912 Military buildup. Meiji Japan was determined to close the gap to the Western powers economically and militarily.

  2. Meiji Reforms • The new government aimed to make Japan a democratic state with equality among all its people. • The establishment of human rights, such as religious freedom in 1873. • The education system. Among those reforms was the introduction of mandatory education. • Modernizing the military was a high priority. Universal conscription (everyone had to serve in the military for a period of time) was introduced. • The transportation and communication networks were improved. The government also directly supported businesses and industries. • A revival of conservative and nationalistic feelings: principles of Confucianism and Shintoism, including the worship of the emperor, were increasingly emphasized and taught at educational institutions.

  3. 1894: Sino-Japanese War • War fought between China and Japan from 1894 to 1895. • It demonstrated how successful modernization had been in Japan since the Meiji Restoration as compared with that in China. • The Japanese army defeated the Chinese in a series of battles • Though still recognized as an independent nation, Korea effectively became a Japanese protectorate colony • The war also encouraged further Japanese invasions on Chinese territory.

  4. 1904: Russo-Japanese War • This war was because both Russia and Japan wanted Manchuria and Korea. • Russia underestimated the strength of Japan’s new modern army. • Japan attacked Port Arthur. A series of quick Japanese victories, which surprised the world, ended in the fall of Port Arthur (Jan., 1905). • Japan gained the position of a world power, becoming the first non-European and non-American imperialistic modern nation. • These two wars led to the belief that Japan was more militarily powerful than the other East Asian countries, and sparked an agreement with Hitler to conquer and divide the world.

  5. Shogun Japan: Legacy • Industrialization • Militarism • World War II Pearl Harbor Island Hopping Kamikaze Pilots Atomic Bombs Japan Surrenders A Japanese kamikaze bomber during World War II

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