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Principles of Epidemic Preparedness and Response

Principles of Epidemic Preparedness and Response. Reported Cases of Encephalitis in Nepal, 1997-1998. 350. 1997. 300. 250. 1998. 200. Cases. 150. 100. 50. 0. 1. 5. 9. 13. 17. 21. 25. 29. 33. 37. 41. 45. 49. Source: EWARS. Week No.

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Principles of Epidemic Preparedness and Response

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  1. Principles of Epidemic Preparedness and Response

  2. Reported Cases of Encephalitis in Nepal, 1997-1998 350 1997 300 250 1998 200 Cases 150 100 50 0 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 Source: EWARS Week No

  3. Objectives of Epidemic Preparedness and Response 1. Anticipation/prediction • so that epidemics be prevented • e.g. meningitis, measles 2. Early detection • to know when there is a problem • e.g. EWARS 3.Rapid Response • guidelines/trained staff/supplies • in place before epidemic 4. Effective Response • appropriate control methods • adequate resources and logistics

  4. Outbreak Detection and ResponseWithout Preparedness First Case Late Detection Delayed Response CASES Opportunity for control DAY

  5. Outbreak Detection and ResponseWith Preparedness Early Detection Rapid Response Potential Cases Prevented CASES DAY

  6. FASTER BETTER

  7. Components of Epidemic Preparedness 1Establish Epidemic Committee 2. Set priorities 3. Agree epidemic preparedness plan 4. Implement surveillance 5. Respond rapidly and effectively

  8. Epidemic Preparedness and Response Committee - I • Who should be on the committee ? • Technical • Political • Practical • What are the tasks of the committee? • Before the epidemic • During the epidemic • After the epidemic

  9. Epidemic Preparedness and Response Committee II • Before the epidemic ! • Set priorities • Write the epidemic preparedness and response plan • Define prevention and control strategies (versatility, adaptability) • Assign specific responsibilities for surveillance, preparedness and response • Identify and mobilise resources

  10. Epidemic Preparedness and Response Committee IIa • Identify and mobilise resources • HUMAN • FINANCIAL • PRACTICAL

  11. Priority Setting - I • What are the major epidemic prone diseases ? • What is the risk of an epidemic ? • time since last outbreak, • frequency of previous outbreaks • recent disease trends • What would be the likely impact of an epidemic ? • Potential number of cases • Potential deaths • Likelihood of spread • Control measures ? • Are effective and affordable measures available ? • Resources ? • Do we have adequate resources ?

  12. Priority setting - II Epidemic Risk Impact Control Resources prone disease measures Cholera Meningitis Measles JE Malaria Viral HF X High High Low High Low Low High X Low X Low High Low Low

  13. Epidemic Preparedness and Response Plan - I • List the priority diseases • Define the surveillance, preparedness and response measures to be implemented • Identify responsibilities (who does what) • Identify co-ordination mechanisms (leadership) • Specify resources available for preparedness and response (budget)

  14. Epidemic Preparedness and Response Plan - II • What should be done ? • Who should do it ? • What resources or supplies will be required ?

  15. Surveillance - I Health Care System Public Health Authority Report Case Detection Confirm OUTBREAK Investigation Response Control Measures Decision

  16. Surveillance - II Support function • advocacy for training • supervision • resource • standards/guidelines

  17. Epidemic Preparedness and Response Committee - II • During the epidemic ! • Implement the plan • Rapid and coordinated response • Implement prevention and control strategies • Identify and mobilise resources

  18. Rapid Response - I • Early epidemic control team meeting • Early assessment of the potential scale of the outbreak • Co-ordinated investigation and implementation of control measures • Public information • Health education • Media strategy

  19. Authorities Public Outbreak investigation Support services and logistics Epidemic response committee Environment Laboratory Control measures Media Reports

  20. Epidemic Preparedness and Response Committee - III • After the epidemic ! • Evaluate the preparedness and the response • Review and update the plan • Modify prevention and control strategies • Identify and mobilise resources • Anticipate new outbreaks • Strengthen surveillance

  21. PREPAREDNESS OUTBREAK CONTROL Investigate Committee Priorities Plan Co-ordination Responsibilities Resources Supplies Training Surveillance Rapid Response Detect & Confirm Analyse Respond Predict & Prevent Treat Control Evaluate

  22. Preparedness planning in different settings • Hospital • Local • Disease-specific • National • International

  23. Be Prepared !

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