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OBSTRUCTIVE & RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE QUIZ

OBSTRUCTIVE & RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE QUIZ. Define emphysema: Condition of the lung characterised by irreversible enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronichiole – accompanied by destruction of walls without obvious fibrosis. Define chronic bronchitis:

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OBSTRUCTIVE & RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE QUIZ

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  1. OBSTRUCTIVE & RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASEQUIZ

  2. Define emphysema: • Condition of the lung characterised by irreversible enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronichiole – accompanied by destruction of walls without obvious fibrosis. • Define chronic bronchitis: • Defined by having a persistant productive cough for atleast 3 months in 2 consecutive years. • What 2 factors are increased on pulmonary testing of a patient with COPD. • Residual volume (air trapping) • Total lung capacity (barrell chest)

  3. Name the 4 main classifications of emphysema: • Centriacinar (centrilobular) • Panacinar (panlobular) • Distal acinar (paraseptal) • Irregular (airspace enlargement w/ fibrosis) • Most commonly associated w/ Heavy smoking + patients with chronic bronchitis? • Centriacinar • Most commonly associated w/ α1- antitrypsin deficiency? • Panacinar

  4. List 6 key pathological features seen in chronic bronchitis? (e.g. histol.) • Hyperaemia, swelling, oedema of mucus membranes • Excessive mucinous secretions • Chronic inflammation of airways (predom. Lymphocytes) • Slight increase in number of goblet cells, but more importantly they undergo hyperplasia. • Bronchial epithelium may exhibit squamous metaplasia and dysplasia • Narrowing of bronchioles by mucus plugs, inflammation and fibrosis

  5. What is this? • Bronchiectasis • Why? • Sharply dilated airways • Extend much further to pleura than normal • Airways plugged with mucus secretions • What bacterial infections are most commonly associated with bronchiectasis? • Mycobacterium tuberculosis • S. aureus • H. influenzae • Pseudomonas

  6. The development of a pneumoconiosis and its severity depends on 4 main factors. What are they? • The amount of dust retained in the lungs • The size, shape and buoyancy of the particles • Particle solubility and cytotoxicity • Presence of additional irritants (e.g. smoking)

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