Introduction to Sourcing

1. Introduction to Sourcing LPS 6th Grade Social Studies Adapt. From 7th Grade Social Studies

2. Real or Fake? This photo shows snow on the pyramids in Egypt. What questions do you need answered in order to tell if this image is real or fake?

3. Real or Fake? This photo shows snow on the pyramids in Egypt in December 2013. Source: http://www.mirror.co.uk; December 15, 2013, Mikey Smith Source Note: The Mirror is a British tabloid similar to those you find on magazine racks in the United States.

4. What is Sourcing? • Sourcing, the first step in historical thinking, asks the reader to consider what the author’s purpose is, as well as the circumstances of the document’s creation. • Questions to ask before/during the first reading the document: • Who wrote this? • Is it a primary or secondary source? • What is the author’s point of view? • Why was it written? • When was it written? • Is this source reliable? Why or why not?

5. Differences Between Types of Sources • Some sources are PRIMARY sources • Information about an historical event or period in which the creator of the source was an actual contemporary (living in the same time) of the event. • The author experienced the event first hand. • Some sources are SECONDARY sources. • Information created about a historical event or period in which the creator of the source was not a contemporary. • The author did not experience the event first hand.

6. Who built the Great Pyramid of Giza? You need: Pencil, Pen, or highlighter Photo Credit: http://www.ancient-world-mysteries.com

7. Close Reading LPS 6th Grade Social Studies Introductory Lesson

8. Follow the directions given and watch the video closely http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yu3zlWVCcjY Photo Credit: www.rxbxmusic.com

9. Make the Connection! History is an account of the past • Accounts/narratives differ depending on one’s point of view • We rely on evidence to construct our account of the past • Just like watching the video once did not give you the whole picture, one piece of evidence and/or one reading is insufficient • We must question the reliability of each piece of evidence

10. What is Close Reading? CLOSE READING has us evaluate sources and analyze ideas by actively asking these questions when we are reading: • What claims does the author make? What is the author’s point of view? • What evidence does the same author use to support those claims? • How is this document suppose to make me feel? • What words or phrases does the author use to convince me that he/she is right? • What information does the author leave out?

11. How to Close Read • Read with a pencil in hand and annotate the text • Annotate means underline, highlight, or circle • Take notes in the margins (space on the sides, top, and bottom) • Look for patterns in the text • This is similar…, This is different… • I noticed…, This is interesting…, I’m not sure… • Ask questions about the patterns - especially how and why • Why did this happen? What does this mean? • Reread the next to clarify understanding

12. Who built the Great Pyramid of Giza? You need: Pencil, Pen, or Highlighter Photo Credit: http://www.ancient-world-mysteries.com

13. Introducing Contextualization LPS 6th Grade Social Studies Adapt. From LPS 7th Grade Social Studies

15. Contextualization: According to AAA, the nation's highest ever average [for gas prices] was $4.27 in western New York state, in July of 2008. Source: NBC.com

16. What is Contextualization? Contextualization is when historians locate a document in time and place in order to understand how these factors shape its content/message. • What is happening now? • What happened before? • What might happen next?

17. Introducing Corroboration LPS 6th Grade Social Studies Adapt. from LPS 7th Grade Social Studies

18. What is Corroboration? Location: Miami Heat Pre-Season Game – Sprint Center, Kansas City Parties Involved: Luke, Jack, LeBron James, Luke’s dad Scenario: Luke claims to have met LeBron James in the locker room after the game with Jack and his dad. He took a photo with him on his iPhone but then dropped it in excitement before he could post it to Instagram, thus destroying the phone and the photo. The next day at school, no one believes him when he claims he met LeBron.

19. What is the Corroborating Evidence? What evidence is there to support Luke’s claim that he met LeBron? Jack was with Luke at the game and saw him take the photo with LeBron. He also took a photo of Luke with LeBron. Luke’s dad was in attendance at the game and was with Luke when he met LeBron, so he could back up Luke’s claim of meeting the basketball star.

20. What is Corroboration? Corroboration (cross-checking) means to consider details and evidence from multiple sources to strengthen and support a historical claim • What do other pieces of evidence say? • Am I finding the same information everywhere? Or am I finding different versions of the story? • Why might there be different versions of the story? • Where else could I look to find out about this? • What pieces of evidence are most believable?

21. Historical Corroboration Example • Historical Claim: The ancient Egyptians were amongst the greatest architects of all time. • Corroborative Evidence Examples: • The Pyramids of Giza • The Great Sphinx • The Pyramid of Khufu

22. The Great Pyramids of Giza Photo Credit: http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/archaeology/giza-pyramids/

23. The Great Sphinx Photo Credit: http://natgeotv.com/uk/secrets-of-the-sphinx/galleries/the-great-sphinx/4

24. The Pyramid of Khufu http://www.ancient-egypt-history.com/2010/05/4th-dynasty-part-ii-khufu-cheops-2589.html

25. Who built the Great Pyramid of Giza? Corroborate & Contextualize! Photo Credit: http://www.ancient-world-mysteries.com