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Internet and IPv6

Internet and IPv6. Outline. Internet – “The Internet: a tutorial”, by J. Crowcroft IPv6 – “The next generation of the Internet: aspects of the Internet protocol version 6”, by C. Lee et al. Internet – A Success. Underlying technique IP – addressing and routing

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Internet and IPv6

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  1. Internet and IPv6

  2. Outline • Internet – “The Internet: a tutorial”, by J. Crowcroft • IPv6 – “The next generation of the Internet: aspects of the Internet protocol version 6”, by C. Lee et al.

  3. Internet – A Success • Underlying technique • IP – addressing and routing • TCP/UDP – data transmission control (e.g., error recovery, flow control) • Application • WWW (killer application) • E-mail • Telnet • Chat

  4. Internet – A Success • Underlying design • Connectionless datagram switching • Stateless end-to-end principle • Best effort • Client server model • Less assumptions  more scalable & robust  easy to develop • Cost: some performance loss (e.g. transmit data over a network whose MTU >> 576 bytes – maximum packet size in IPv4)

  5. Int. A mail system … USA Berkeley Oakland Los Angeles New York … Internet = Mail System Bottleneck

  6. Int. A better mail system … USA North CA South CA … Los Angeles Berkeley Oakland … … … Internet = Mail System

  7. Problems in IPv4 The most urgent thing!! • Scalability • Address run out • Explosive routing tables (router is the bottle neck of Internet, instead of network speed) • QoS • Best effort is not enough • Commercialized Internet • Security

  8. 460 Million users Source: Cerf, based on www.nw.com, Jan 2000 Address Run Out • 232 = 4,294,967,296, will run out before 2005 • “32 bits should be enough address space for Internet” – Vint Cerf, 1977 • 32 bit address space is approximately 107 times of the # of computers in DARPA time.

  9. Projected routing table growth without CIDR Moore’s Law and CIDR made it work for a while Deployment Period of CIDR # Of Items In A BGP Routing Table

  10. Effort On Saving IPv4 • VLSM(Variable Length Subnet Mask) • Try to figure out “problem of triple bears” • CIDR(Classless Inter-Domain Routing) • NAT(Net Address Translation) • L3 Switching，MPLS • RSVP、RTP/RTCP、DirectRoute、SSL • However, due to scalability reason, a new IP protocol has to be developed

  11. What Do IPv6 Do? • Address • 128 bits. How large it is? • ~ 3×1038 • Suppose earth as a smooth sphere, then there are one mol (6.02×1023) IPs/m2 • Why 128 bits? • Unicast, multicast, anycast • For one interface, it can have multiple IPv6 addresses • Routing • Prefix routing and aggregation (based on CIDR) • Address space is strictly aggregated • Fixed size based header

  12. Difference In Header

  13. What Do IPv6 Do? • MTU: 576 bytes  1280 bytes • Type of Class (8 bits) and Flow label (20 bits) fields in header • Mobile IP • Redirect the route to the mobile node if needed • Security architecture • Protection for key header

  14. What Do IPv6 Do? • Network management • Neighbor discovery • MTU • Address resolution • Network prefix • Address lifetimes • Address autoconfiguration • Use 64-bit IEEE EUI-64 address of the hardware • Network prefix + 64-bit hardware address

  15. IPv4  IPv6 • Won’t happen in one day • Dual protocol stacks • Currently, 6bone uses IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel to connect IPv6 nodes IPv6 node IPv6 node IPv4 world

  16. Discussions • IPv6 changes the underlying technique of Internet, then what will be the change in application? What will be the killer application in future? • In past, we have IPv4, then apps comes out; how about today’s situation?

  17. Summary • Internet is a success • IPv4 has problems, especially in address space, routing, QoS and security • IPv6 want to address those problems • It may be a long time for IPv4 migrating to IPv6

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