Longing for a New Welfare System

1. New Horizon College English Unit 3 : Section A Longing for a New Welfare System 新视野

2. Pre-reading Activities Text Analysis Background information Compound dictation Questions & Answers Watch & Discuss Main idea and devices for developing it Expressions & Patterns Summary How to apply to our real life the typical expressions and patterns taken from the text Blank filling Exercises Writing All the exercises for Section A 说明文写作技巧

3. I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Background Information Acquaint yourself with some relevant information Compound Dictation Listen to a passage and fill in the missing words. Questions & Answers Listen to a passage and answer some questions. Watch & Discuss Watch the video and discuss the given topics.

4. Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Background Information Social Welfare (1) Public assistance programs, commonly called “welfare”, provide cash or in-kind benefits for particular categories of the financially needy. The U.S. welfare system operates on both the federal and state levels. The federal welfare program is known as Social Security that provides benefits or assistance for child care, disability, food and medical assistance (also known as medicaid). The state welfare programs, on the other hand, provide assistance to both individuals and local communities with state schooling and social insurance. 下一页

5. Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Social Welfare (2) U.S. welfare programs grew significantly in the decades following World War II, but increases in welfare costs during the 1960s and 1970s brought into question the extent and quality of public assistance. In the early 1980s the Reagan Administration reduced welfare expenditure and suggested turning responsibility for welfare funding over to the states. The cuts in federal funding that took effect during the Reagan Administration did in fact effectively place the responsibility for maintaining funding levels on the states—and, in some cases, on the larger cities. 下一页 上一页

6. Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Social Welfare (3) The result has been a widening of the already existing disparities in social services spending between states, and between cities and regions within a state. An example of the state welfare system can be seen at http://www.state.tn.us under the Health and Social Programs section.     Social welfare is an integrated part of a country’s social policy. 上一页

7. Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Compound Dictation Directions: You will hear a passage. It will be read twice. Listen carefully and supply the missing words.

8. objects famous Banner Declaration musician percent collection Visitors may want to plan their day at the museum to fit their personal interests they want to see the special exhibits that are shown for a limited amount of time perhaps they want to see the permanent exhibits that have been in the museum These special ______ include the nation’s most ______ flag--the Star-Spangled ______. The table that Thomas Jefferson used while writing the __________ of Independence. The papers showing music written by the great jazz ________, Duke Ellington. However, the museum can show only a small _______ of its ________ at one time. The museum is open for seven-and-one-half hours each day. But this may not be enough time to see everything inside. _____________________________ ____________________________________________. Maybe ____________________________________________________________________. Or ___________ ________________________________________________________ since it opened in nineteen-sixty-four.

9. Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Questions & Answers 1. Why do welfare clients often cheat the system? key 2. In what ways do welfare clients cheat the system? key 3.In what ways do the caseworkers abuse the system? key

10. Reference Words: in one’s judgment, sustain an average living, be not satisfied with, selfish, greedy key I am not familiar with the welfare system even in our country. In my judgment, welfare clients cheat the system because they can’t get enough money to sustain an average living or because they are not satisfied with the welfare they enjoy. On the other hand, I suppose there must be some who are so selfish and greedy as to cheat the system for more money. 返回

11. Reference Words: to one’s knowledge, declare the gifts,understate, pension, exaggerate,living costs,purchasing power key To my knowledge, welfare clients cheat the system in the ways as follows: They don’t declare the gifts from friends and relatives; they understate the pension from the government; they exaggerate the rent; and they even report to welfare that living costs increase sharply and their purchasing power decreases greatly. 返回

12. Reference Words: beseized with,illusion,make fools of sb., out ofconscience, bow down to, give out lectures, distributing key Seized with the illusion that they are made fools of whenever help is asked for, caseworkers don’t help their clients out of conscience. Instead, they expect their clients to bow down to them, and give out lectures before welfare clients. Caseworkers may regard their job of providing service as a power of distributing wealth. 返回

13. I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say 1. What is your definition of self-worth? key 2. How to develop proper self-worth? key Video watching Back Watch & Discuss Directions: Watch the video and then discuss the topics as follows:

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15. >>>more Sad to say, we usually feel down on ourselves. The problem in such self-downing is not the person, but the improper yardstick for measuring. For example, say you fail at something. Does that make you a total failure? Of course not. But many people tend to feel so. Each of us has many successes and failures, so to rate your total self-worth based on one incident is a gross overgeneralization.The effective way out of the dilemma is to accept what you are first and then change yourself for the better.This is difficult, but it is a choice of beliefs. Summary: At first, the dungweeps bitter tears because he has no idea about what he comes in for in the world. As he says, “I don’t know why the Gods created me. ” When he realizes he can melt himself into the dandelion in order to make her into a flower as beautiful as the stars in the sky, however, he sheds tears of self-worth in the end. From the video, we can conclude that once one is aware of what worth he can prove to society and meanwhile appreciates his whole value, he has seized the essence of self-worth. Ways of thinking: 1. What’s your insight into the video? 2. What’s your comment on the issue of self-worth? key 返回

16. >>>more So there is much need to develop proper self-worth. To begin with, it is vital to realize that each of us has potential worth. Our lifelong mission is especially designed to find it in us and then extend it. In addition, it is wise of us to choose a small goal and achieve it. After that, we will develop a better opinion of our self- worth. It is also necessary to cling to the belief that large achievements are composed of small ones. And most of all, it is a great relief to accept the fruits of our efforts as well as our urge to build up self-worth with more efforts. Summary: The causes for people’s self-downing can boil down to two: First, they tend to compare themselves withthose who are more successful. Such comparison deepens their feeling that they are unworthy. Second, they are too self-conscious about the judgment of other people, as if they are living on the hope of gaining esteem of others. Look around and you can find many people burning their candles at both ends for the sole purpose of impressing others with what they have achieved or what material possessions they have obtained. Ways of thinking: 1. Are there any causes for self-downing? 2. Are there any ways to develop proper self-worth? key 返回

17. II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure New Words & Text Main Idea of The Text Main Idea New Words Text Structure Main Idea of Each Part Part Ⅰ Part Ⅱ Part Ⅲ

18. New Words • raw • wheelchair • pension • caseworker • landlord • rent • opt • drum • sticky • profile • entitle • compensation • liberal • practically • detective • paste • receipt • donation • hip • crawl • spine • spinal • cord • screw • roller • brake • certify Back 下一页

19. New Words • bid • alert • appliance • maid • roast • oven • helicopter • champion • chemist • leak • senator • governor • thrive • convict • Phrases and • Expressions • face with • drum up • under the • table • to get/be • involved in • deep down • make a fool of • sb. • talk back • break down Back 下一页 上一页

20. New Words • get around • look into • fill out • account for • build up • go through • to lend oneself/sth. • to sth. else • convict of • Proper Names • John Callahan • Suzanne Back 上一页

21. Back Text Reading Longing for a New Welfare System Para. 1A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it. Faced with sharing a dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars. They tell the government that they are getting two hundred dollars less than their real pension so they can get a little extra welfare money. Or, they tell the caseworker that the landlord raised the rent by a hundred dollars. 下一页

22. Text Reading Back Para. 2I have opted to live a life of complete honesty. So instead, I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons. I even tell welfare how much I make! Oh, I’m tempted to get paid under the table. But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. They keep my records, and that information goes right into the government’s computer. Very high-profile.   下一页 上一页

23. Text Reading Back Para. 3As a welfare client I’m expected to bow before the caseworker. Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. I’m not being bitter. Most caseworkers begin as college-educated liberals with high ideals. But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call “Suzanne”, a detective in shorts. 下一页 上一页

24. Back Text Reading Para. 4 Not long after Christmas last year, Suzanne came to inspect my apartment and saw some new posters pasted on the wall. “Where’d you get the money for those?” she wanted to know. Para. 5     “Friends and family.” Para. 6   “Well, you’d better have a receipt for it, by God. You have to report any donations or gifts.” Para. 7     This was my cue to beg. Instead, I talked back. “I got a cigarette from somebody on the street the other day. Do I have to report that?” Para. 8     “Well I’m sorry, but I don’t make the rules, Mr. Callahan.” 下一页 上一页

25. Back Text Reading Para. 9 Suzanne tries to lecture me about repairs to my wheelchair, which is always breaking down because welfare won’t spend the money maintaining it properly. “You know, Mr. Callahan, I’ve heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average.” Para. 10     Of course I do. I’m an active worker, not a vegetable. I live near downtown, so I can get around in a wheelchair. I wonder what she’d think if she suddenly broke her hip and had to crawl to work. 下一页 上一页

26. Text Reading Back Para. 11 Government cuts in welfare have resulted in hunger and suffering for a lot of people, not just me. But people with spinal cord injuries felt the cuts in a unique way: The government stopped taking care of our chairs. Each time mine broke down, lost a screw, needed a new roller bearing, the brake wouldn’t work, etc., and I called Suzanne, I had to endure a little lecture. Finally, she’d say, “Well, if I can find time today, I’ll call the medical worker.” 下一页 上一页

27. Text Reading Back Para. 12 She was supposed to notify the medical worker, who would certify that there was a problem. Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid. Then the medical worker alerted the main welfare office at the state capital. They considered the matter for days while I lay in bed, unable to move. Finally, if I was lucky, they called back and approved the repair. 下一页 上一页

28. Text Reading Back Para. 13 When welfare learned I was making money on my cartoons, Suzanne started “visiting” every fortnight instead of every two months. She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out back. She never found anything, but there was always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end of each visit, accounting for every penny. 下一页 上一页

29. Text Reading Back Para. 14 There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare. I am an independent businessman, slowly building up my market. It’s impossible to jump off welfare and suddenly be making two thousand dollars a month. But I would love to be able to pay for some of my living and not have to go through an embarrassing situation every time I need a spare part for my wheelchair. 下一页 上一页

30. Text Reading Back Para. 15There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in my apartment the other day because the chemist said I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies. I was, indeed: the hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine had changed size and the connection to my urine bag was leaking. 下一页 上一页

31. Text Reading Back Para. 16While she was taking notes, my phone rang and Suzanne answered it. The caller was a state senator, which scared Suzanne a little. Would I sit on the governor’s committee and try to do something about the thousands of welfare clients who, like me, could earn part or all of their own livings if they were allowed to do so, one step at a time?     下一页 上一页

32. Text Reading Back Para. 17  Hell, yes, I would! Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them of cheating. They will be free to develop their talents without guilt or fear—or just hold a good, steady job. 下一页 上一页

33. II.Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure What is the text mainly about? Back The passage explores the problems of the present welfare system first and then expresses the desire to have a new system. According to the author, a disabled person with spinal cord injuries, he is forced to account for every penny while enduring lectures by the caseworkers. It is hard to have his wheelchair repaired and even harder to make a gradual shift away from welfare. That is why he longs for a new system under which the disabled like him can earn part or all of their own livings.

34. II.Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure How is the text organized? For details Back The passage is composed of three parts: how people behave under the present welfare system, what the problems are with it, and what solutions should be applied to the problems. The organization of the whole passage goes after the problem-solution pattern, spiced throughout with examples taken from the author’s own experiences.

35. Back Part One Paras. 1 - 3 Current situation describing Part Two Paras. 4 - 14 Problems with the system Solutions to the problems Part Three Paras. 15-17 On one hand, most welfare clients cheat the system for more money. Are there any examples here? (Para.1) On the other, welfare case-workers, like detectives, expect every client to beg. Why? (Para.3) Problem 2: It is difficult for clients to have their wheel- chairs repaired. Is there any example here?(Paras. 9 - 12) Problem 4: The law does not encourage clients to make a gradual shift away from welfare.Evidence? (Para.14) Problem 1: Clients are forced to report anything new to caseworkers. Is there any example here? (Paras. 4 - 8) Problem 3: If clients make money, as the author’s own experience reveals, they have to account for every penny.(Para. 13) Solution 2: The welfare system should help those who are to earn their own livings. How?(Para. 16) Solution 1: There needs to be a lawyer to protect the rights of clients. Example?(Para. 15) Solution 3:A new system is needed to encourage clients to develop their talents without guilt. (Para.17) All the same, some like me have opted to live a life of honesty. Are there any examples here? (Para.2)

36. II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I (Paras. 1-3) Part II Part III For details Back Main idea? This part is about how people concerned behave under the present welfare system: Clients cheat the system for more money while caseworkers, like detectives, expect the clients to bow down to them and beg. Devices for developing it? Deduction(演绎法)

37. A general statement: A welfare client is expected to cheat, trying to bleed the system for a few extra dollars. (Para. 1) • Examples: • ____________________________________ • ____________________________________ • ____________________________________ • ____________________________________ • 2. ____________________________________ • ____________________________________ • A general statement: I have opted to live a life of complete honesty. (Para. 2) • Examples: • ____________________________________ • ____________________________________ • 2. ____________________________________ • 3. ____________________________________ • ____________________________________ • ____________________________________ In this part of three paragraphs, the first two are organized respectively with a general statement supported by examples or details. The device of deduction makes clear and persuasive the author’s viewpoints on welfare clients who cheat and those who are honest. For details Back I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons. They tell the government that they are getting two hundred dollars less than their real pension so they can get a little extra welfare money. I even tell welfare how much I make! If I want to get paid under the table, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. They tell the caseworker that the landlord raised the rent by a hundred dollars. 返回

38. II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I Part II (Paras. 4-14) Part III For details Back Main idea? Several events are narrated to illustrate the problems with the present welfare system: welfare caseworkers try to find anything unreported, welfare clients have difficulties in obtaining help, and the law does not encourage clients to make a gradual shift away from welfare. Devices for developing it? Narration (叙事法)

39. Back Narration is used throughout the whole part to tell the events as examples. For instance, the account of the first event goes from Para. 4 to Para. 8, with specific characters—Suzanne and I, time—not long after Christmas last year, and location—my apartment. 返回

40. II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I Part II Part III (Paras. 15-17) For details Back Main idea? A lawyer is needed to act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients. Besides, the author wishes that the government would help clients earn part or all of their livings. And, a new system is desired to encourage them, rather than seek to convict them of cheating. Devices for developing it? Exemplification (例证法)

41. Argument: There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. Example:Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in my apartment the other day because the chemist said I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies. I was, indeed: the hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine had changed size and the connection to my urine bag was leaking. For details Back In Para. 15, for instance, the author gives his argument in the first sentence, and then with the event of medical supplies as an example to support it. 返回

42. III. Expressions & Patterns B. Patterns for you to use as models A. Expressions • to long for • to be faced with • to bleed… for… • to drum up • under the table • to yield to • >>> more • Typical patterns for unfavorable changes in sb. • Typical patterns for the statement of facts • Typical patterns for suggestion • >>> more

43. III. Expressions & Patterns Back • to get involved in • deep down • to make fools of sb. • to be entitled to (do) sth. • to be the cue to do sth. • to talk back • to lecture sb. about sth. • to get around • to get the cheapest bid • to make a gradual shift away from… • to jump off • to act as a champion for… • to lend oneself to … • to convict sb. of doing sth. wrong

44. 返回课文 III. Expressions & Patterns Back 1. 渴望/盼望······ • to long for… (Title) 活学活用 由于备受多年内战的煎熬，全民族都渴望和平。 Bitterly afflicted with many years of civil war, the whole nation longs for peace. 下一页 上一页

45. 返回课文 III. Expressions & Patterns Back 2. 面临着······ • to be faced with… (L. 1) 活学活用 面临各种职业选择时，你最好选择一个可以充分施展专长或才能的职业。 When faced with various choices of career, you’d better choose one in which to exercise to full your specialty or talent. 下一页 上一页

46. 返回课文 III. Expressions & Patterns Back 3. 向······榨取······ • to bleed… for… (L. 2) 活学活用 不择手段榨取消费者钱财的奸商终将受到惩罚。 The profiteers who bleed consumers for money by hook or by crook are bound to come to grief in time. 下一页 上一页

47. 返回课文 III. Expressions & Patterns Back 4. 竭力争取；大力招揽 • to drum up (L. 6) 活学活用 每年圣诞节期间，商家们各显神通来招揽生意。 During the season of Christmas each year, traders use their own unique tricks to drum up their business. 下一页 上一页

48. 返回课文 III. Expressions & Patterns Back 5. 私下，背地里 • under the table (L. 8) 活学活用 惩治的焦点应集中在热衷于私下交易的商人身上。 The focus of punishment should be on the traders who are mad about business under the table. 下一页 上一页

49. 返回课文 III. Expressions & Patterns Back 6. 向······屈服 • to yield to… (L. 8) 活学活用 莫道随波逐流时；出水才看两脚泥。 Don’t admit the time for yielding to the trend; Only when out of water can you tell the final end. 下一页 上一页

50. 返回课文 III. Expressions & Patterns Back 7. 卷入/潜心于······ • to get involved in… (L. 9) 活学活用 她一旦潜心钻研某一课题，任何事情都无法使她分心。 Once she gets involved in a research, nothing can distract her mind from it. 下一页 上一页