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Christine Mayer Contact Info : Office: 158 LEC; 3086 C Bowman-Oddy (419) 530-8377 LEC, -5470 B.O.

Christine Mayer Contact Info : Office: 158 LEC; 3086 C Bowman-Oddy (419) 530-8377 LEC, -5470 B.O. christine.mayer@utoledo.edu Office Hours : by appointment any time on Wed & Fri on campus or Mon, Tue, or Thur at LEC SAS available 3 rd floor computer lab BO, one common computer @ LEC.

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Christine Mayer Contact Info : Office: 158 LEC; 3086 C Bowman-Oddy (419) 530-8377 LEC, -5470 B.O.

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  1. Christine Mayer Contact Info: Office: 158 LEC; 3086 C Bowman-Oddy (419) 530-8377 LEC, -5470 B.O. christine.mayer@utoledo.edu Office Hours: by appointment any time on Wed & Fri on campus or Mon, Tue, or Thur at LEC SAS available 3rd floor computer lab BO, one common computer @ LEC

  2. Rumor has it that, except for Darwin's The origin of the species, Biometry was the most cited text in evolutionary biology. A check using the online version of the Science Citation Index revealed that citations to Biometry far exceeded those for The origin of the species. From 1976 to mid 1997 the following counts were obtained: Darwin (all publications) = 7,111. Sokal and Rohlf Biometry = 31,757. From text book web page……

  3. Class Schedule is tentative Some topics may change or move due to time constraints • GRADING • Three exams: @ 20% a piece (60% total): essay, fill in blank, short answer, diagrams & graph interpretation, other. Open book, but no sharing of any materials during the exam. • In class presentations, quizzes (unannounced), and in-class assignments 20% • Homework, 20% (each assignment grade reduced by 50% per day late, unless prior arrangement made)

  4. Student Introductions Name Discipline / Department Year in grad school Project (if known) Prior statistics classes / experience Computer / programming experience Are you “quantaphobic”?

  5. Statistics: analysis and interpretation of data (plural) with a view toward objective evaluation of the reliability of the conclusions based on the data. The important part is the conclusion or answer to the question Term originally derived from study of government and state affairs

  6. Probabilistic vs. Deterministic World Karl Popper's book The Open Universe: An Argument For Indeterminism defines scientific determinism as the claim that ...any event can be rationally predicted, with any desired degree of precision, if we are given a sufficiently precise description of past events, together with all the laws of nature, In theology and philosophy, probabilism (from Latin probare, to test, approve) holds that in the absence of certainty, probability is the best criterion. Probablism is summed up in the Latin phrase ‘ubi dubium libertas’ (where there is doubt there is freedom).

  7. Biology = Variation Many causal factors, some unknown. But…..if we knew all the factors would biological responses really be completely explainable and follow laws like physics? Statistics measures variable (biological and other) phenomenon with predictable error, explains differences.

  8. Individual observation (not always the same as individual animal, plant, etc…) Sample (collection of individual observations) Population (usually what we want to know about)

  9. Sampling: so we don’t have to count or measure them all!! Population/universe: the entire group about which you want to draw conclusions (very important-remember for discussion on pseudoreplication) ex. All the yellow perch in Lake Erie, all women in the USA Sample: subset that you measure to draw conclusions on the population Random: each member of population has an equal and independent chance of being selected Simple random, stratified random, cluster, etc……

  10. Variable: A property that varies among the individuals sampled Variate: single observation of a variable

  11. Types of Data Continuous: a possible value between any other 2 values ex. Height, weight, volume Discrete (meristic): only certain values possible ex. Number of leaves on a plant, eggs in a nest, ratio of wings/legs on an insect

  12. Types of Data Ranked variable: ordered or ranked measurements ex. Small-med-large; A, B, C, D, F less information than ratio or interval data amenable to certain stat. techniques Attribute variable: non-ordered categories ex. Blonde-brunette-redhead; spruce-pine-fir few stat. techniques  can be combined with frequencies

  13. Accuracy: closeness of measurement to “true” value Precision: closeness of repeated measurements to eachother Read S & R 2.3 and 2.4

  14. Survey of 40 Survey of 40 cafeteria diners cafeteria diners 16 15 14 14 13 12 12 10 11 Number of People 8 Number of People 10 6 9 4 8 2 7 0 6 cherios mac and mistery meat salad cherios mac and mistery meat salad cheese cheese Food being consumed Food being consumed Frequency Distributions (quantitative or qualitative classes) • Bar graph (from table) • Categories not numerical • Axis labels • Scale

  15. http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/publications/survey/2001/2001fig1.htmlhttp://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/publications/survey/2001/2001fig1.html • - With continuous data must select categories (~~10-20) • Can show midpoint or range • Pg 25 for rules

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