Why do diet deficiencies occur?

2. Why do diet deficiencies occur?

3. Why do diet deficiencies occur?

4. Major Diet-Deficiency Diseases Common in ELDC’s

7. Clinical Manifestations: Diagnostic Signs Edema Muscle wasting Psychomotor changes Common Signs Hair changes Diffuse depigmentation of skin Moonface Anemia Occasional Signs: Flaky-paint rash Noma Hepatomegaly Associated Laboratory: Decreased serum albumin EEG abnormalities Iron & folic acid deficiencies Liver biopsy fatty or fibrosis may occur Kwashiorkor

8. What are the symptoms? • Swollen stomach • Reddish discolouration of hair • Miserable appearance with ‘moonface’ • Pigmentation loss in skin • Retarded growth • Loss of muscle mass

9. Kwashiorkor • Between 1-3 yrs old Cause/origin: • Very low protein • In places where starchy foods are main staple • Never exclusively dietary*

10. Kwashiorkor

11. EMDCs ELDCs Where does kwashiorkor occur? • ELDCs • Africa, e.g. Sudan, Ethiopia and Mozambique • S.E Asia

12. What is Kwashiorkor? • Condition resulting from inadequate protein/food intake • It occurs in children that have been weaned as diet is replaced by a diet of starches/carbohydrates • It occurs most commonly in areas of famine, limited food supply, and low levels of education, which can lead to inadequate knowledge of proper diet • It is a result of extreme poverty!

13. What are the treatments? • Adequate diet – with carbohydrate, fat (10% of total calories), and protein (12 percent of total calories) will prevent kwashiorkor

15. How can it be controlled? • Improve food supply • Develop new crops • Improve technology • Educate people on balanced diets

16. Who helps to combat the disease? • International organisations and aid agencies • WHO • Oxfam • Save the Children Fund

17. Save the Children Fund • In Ethiopia they have provided food aid • Organised relief flights to get food to the areas with the greatest need • Set up education programmes for villagers to encourage them to grow vitamin rich foods to supplement a staple diet of maize