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KEY CONCEPT Translation converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide, or protein.

KEY CONCEPT Translation converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide, or protein. codon for methionine (Met). codon for leucine (Leu). Amino acids (protein building blocks) are coded for by mRNA base sequences. A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.

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KEY CONCEPT Translation converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide, or protein.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Translation converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide, or protein.

  2. codon for methionine (Met) codon for leucine (Leu) Amino acids (protein building blocks) are coded for by mRNA base sequences. • A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.

  3. The genetic code matches each RNA codon with its amino acid or function. • The genetic code matches each codon to its amino acid or function. • three stopcodonssignal the end of a chain of amino acids. • one startcodon, codes for methionine and to start translation

  4. Reading frame: multiple codons that code for a chain of amino acids • A change in the order in which codons are read changes the resulting protein – this is why having a clear “start” and “stop” is important • Common language: Regardless of the organism, codons code for the same amino acid.

  5. Amino acids are linked to become a protein. • An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon. • An anticodon is carried by a tRNA. tRNAcarries amino acids from cytoplasm to the ribosome to become part of the growing protein. EXAMPLE: mRNA codon=GUU tRNA anticodon=CTT Amino acid=Valine

  6. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. They are located in the cytoplasm & on the rough ER. • Ribosomes are made of rRNA & proteins. They have a large & small subunit. • Helps form peptide bonds between amino acids.

  7. 1. For translation to begin, tRNA binds to a start codon (Met in picture) and signals the ribosome to assemble. • A complementary tRNA molecule binds to the exposed codon (Leu in picture), bringing its amino acid close to the first amino acid.

  8. 2. The ribosome helps form a polypeptide bond between the amino acids. • The ribosome pulls the mRNA strand the length of one codon.

  9. 3. The now empty tRNA molecule exits the ribosome. • A complementary tRNA molecule binds to the next exposed codon. • Once the stop codon is reached, the ribosome releases the protein and disassembles.

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