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KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a section of DNA into a single-stranded RNA molecule.

Understanding how transcription converts DNA to RNA, the central dogma, and the function of RNA, including mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. Key concepts: replication, molecule, genetic information, RNA polymerase, gene expression, complementary base pairing, protein synthesis, nucleotide sequence.

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KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a section of DNA into a single-stranded RNA molecule.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a section of DNA into a single-stranded RNA molecule.

  2. RNA carries DNA’s instructions. • The central dogma states that information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins.

  3. replication transcription translation • The central dogma includes three processes. • Replication • Transcription • Translation • RNA is a link between DNA and proteins.

  4. RNA differs from DNA in three major ways. • RNA has a ribose sugar (not deoxyribose) • RNA has uracil base instead of thymine. • RNA is a single-stranded structure (DNA is double stranded)

  5. Transcription makes three types of RNA. • Transcription copies DNA to make a strand of RNA.

  6. transcription complex start site nucleotides • Transcription is catalyzed by RNA polymerase. • RNA polymerase and other proteins form a transcription complex. • The transcription complex recognizes the start of a gene and unwinds a segment of it.

  7. DNA RNA polymerase moves along the DNA • Nucleotides pair with one strand of the DNA. • RNA polymerase bonds the nucleotides together. • The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed.

  8. RNA • The RNA strand detaches from the DNA once the gene is transcribed.

  9. Transcription makes three types of RNA. • Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. • Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome.

  10. one gene growing RNA strands DNA The transcription process is similar to replication. • Transcription and replication both involve complex enzymes and complementary base pairing. • The two processes have different end results. • Replication copiesall the DNA;transcription copiesa gene. • Replication makesone copy;transcription canmake many copies.

  11. The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows in one direction from • Nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm • Ribosomes to proteins to DNA • Genes to nuclei to ribosomes • DNA to RNA to proteins

  12. Change the nucleotide sequence of RNA strand that would be complementary to the following DNA strand: GTAGTCA • UATUAGA • ACGACTG • CAUCAGU • CATCAGT

  13. The main function of tRNA is to • Carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins • Form a portion of ribosomes, a cell’s protein factories • String together complimentary RNA and DNA strands • Bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes

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