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Smart Grid Technology Information - July 2010

Smart Grid Technology Information - July 2010. Date: 2010-July-12. Abstract: Discussion topics for July 802 Plenary meeting. July Topics. Monday night tutorial Any topics for further exploration? EPRI Unified Metrics Craig Rodine Updates to the NIST Twiki site

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Smart Grid Technology Information - July 2010

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  1. Smart Grid Technology Information - July 2010 Date: 2010-July-12 Abstract: Discussion topics for July 802 Plenary meeting Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  2. July Topics Monday night tutorial Any topics for further exploration? EPRI Unified Metrics Craig Rodine Updates to the NIST Twiki site Progress & next steps toward completion of PAP#2 report Review of submitted text Generation of additional text Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  3. Topic #1 Tutorial on Broad Scope of SG Efforts • Monday July 12, 2010 • https://mentor.ieee.org/802-ec/dcn/10/ec-10-0013-00-00EC-smart-grid-information-update-july-2010.pdf Is there any topic that merits further discussion? Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  4. Topic #2 Unified Metrics Unified Metrics for Management of Smart Grid Home Area Networks (Dec 2009) Tim Godfrey Craig Rodine 1st International Workshop on Smart Grid Communications Multiple IEEE network technologies, including 802.11, 802.15.4 and P1901 can all support Smart Grid applications in Home Area Networks (HANs). Utilities need visibility into the HAN to ensure the network is operational and able to support critical applications such as Demand Response and Electric Vehicle Charging. This paper describes a set of network performance metrics that are consistent among the most prevalent HAN network technologies. Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  5. Topic #3 New Addition to NIST Twiki • Tools provided by Others • Matlab code for 802_15_4_MAC_PHY_ModelREADME_802_15_4_MAC_PHY_Model.pdf Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  6. Topic #4 Latest Version of Report • http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/pub/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless/NIST_Priotity_Action_Plan_2_r04.pdf Does anyone have comments? Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  7. Topic #4 Recent Paper Contributions Input for consideration for next version of guideline from PAP#2 • Preface_PAP_2_guidelines_v0.5_Hughes.doc: Preface • Prepared_definitions.doc: additional definitions for section 2 • Section_4-composite-r1.doc: test for consideration of section 4 • 500-10060306a_-_C00-20100603-002A__WG3-ProposedCovertr455ToSGIPPAP2.doc: Cover letter • 500-10060306r1_-_C00-20100603-002__WG3-ProposedInputToSGIPPAP2.pdf: results • WTSC-RAN-2010-088R3.doc: report • SmartGrid_Calculation.xls: calculations Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  8. Topic #4 Completion of the Report • How can 802.1, 802.15, xxx best assist NIST in completing the report? • Author additional text? • Review what’s been contributed? • Run simulation models and provide results? Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  9. Previous Discussion Material Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  10. Current Priority Action Plans The priority action plans page provides a guide to the function and operation of these plans. #Priority Action Plan#Priority Action Plan 0 Meter Upgradeability Standard 1 Role of IP in the Smart Grid 2 Wireless Communications for the Smart Grid 3 Common Price Communication Model 4 Common Scheduling Mechanism 5 Standard Meter Data Profiles 6 Common Semantic Model for Meter Data Tables 7 Electric Storage Interconnection Guidelines 8 CIM for Distribution Grid Management 9 Standard DR and DER Signals 10 Standard Energy Usage Information 11 Common Object Models for Electric Transportation • IEC 61850 Objects/DNP3 Mapping • Time Synchronization, IEC 61850 Objects/IEEE C37.118 Harmonization • Transmission and Distribution Power Systems Model Mapping • Harmonize Power Line Carrier Standards Applliance Communications in the Home 16 Wind Plant Communications http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/PriorityActionPlans Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  11. Issue: Use of Wireless Communications in the Smart Grid • There are a number of advantages for using wireless communications including: • Untethered access to information • Mobility • Interoperability • Reduced cost and complexity • Availability of technologies with different characteristics to choose from • A number of challenges remain to be addressed: • How to choose among technologies with different characteristics? • How do we know which technology to use for what Smart Grid application? • Are there any implications for using a certain wireless technology in a certain environment? • Are there any deployment? Interference issues? Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  12. Review of PAP#2 tasks • Develop Smart Grid application communication requirements and devise a taxonomy for applications with similar network requirements • Draft under development and available for review http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/pub/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless/app_matrix_pap.xls • Develop terminology and definitions • Compile and communicate use cases and develop requirements • is part of Task 1 • Create an attribute list and performance metrics for wireless standards • Draft developed and available for review http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/pub/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless/NIST_PAP2-_Wireless_Characteristics-IEEE802-v_02.xls 5. Create an inventory of wireless technologies and standards that are identified by each SDO • Feedback is expected by December 6, 2009. • Conduct an evaluation of the wireless technologies based on the application requirements • Perform a gap analysis and developing guidelines for the use of wireless technologies. Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  13. Introduction to the NIST PAP2 Report • Report Preface • This guide is the output of the Priority Action Plan number 2 (PAP#2), wireless communications for the smart grid, which is part of the Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP). • PAP#2’s work area investigates the strengths, weaknesses, capabilities, and constraints of existing and emerging standards-based physical media for wireless communications. • The approach is to work with the appropriate standard development organizations (SDOs) to determine the characteristics of each technology for Smart Grid application areas and types. • Results are used to assess the appropriateness of wireless communications technologies for meeting Smart Grid applications’ requirements. • This guide contains the smart grid reference architecture, the user applications’ requirements, candidate wireless technologies and their capabilities, a methodology to assess the appropriateness of wireless communications technologies along with an example model, and some results. Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  14. Homework NIST Modeling Presentation • Detailed description of the modeling approach can be found at: • http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/pub/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless/PAP2modeling.ppt Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  15. Homework NIST Modeling • Tools provided by NIST and used in presentation PAP2modeling.ppt • nist_80211_mac.m: Matlab code for 80211_MAC_Model • nist_80211_MAC_readme.pdf: Readme file for using the 802.11 model Matlab code • SNRcdf.m: Matlab code for computing SNR probability at wireless receiver • SNRcdfCell.m: Matlab code for coverage analysis • nist_phy_model_readme.pdf: Readme file for using Matlab code for SNRcdf and SNRcdfCell • nist_channel_propagation_models.pdf: Channel propagation models Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  16. Meter Reporting Application: Mean Delay versus Offered Load Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  17. Draft r4 PAP#2 Report Outline • Table of Contents • Revision History ............................................................................................................................................. iii • Preface ...................................................................................................................................................... - 1 - • Authors ...................................................................................................................................................... - 2 - • 1 Overview of the process .................................................................................................................... - 3 - • 2 Acronyms and Definitions.................................................................................................................. - 4 - • 2.1 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ - 4 - • 2.2 Definitions ....................................................................................................................................... - 7 - • 3 Smart grid....................................................................................................................................... - 11 - • 3.1 Reference Architecture................................................................................................................... - 11 - • 3.2 List of actors.................................................................................................................................. - 13 - • 3.3 Use Cases..................................................................................................................................... - 14 - • 3.4 Application requirements................................................................................................................ - 16 - • 3.4.1 Smart grid user applications’ quantitative requirements......................................................... - 16 - • 3.4.2 Aggregation of requirements per actor to actor...................................................................... - 16 - • 4 Wireless Technology ....................................................................................................................... - 20 - • 5 Evaluation approach / Modeling approach ...................................................................................... - 21 - • 5.1 Channel Models ............................................................................................................................. - 23 - • 5.1.1 Indoor-indoor environments ................................................................................................... - 24 - • 5.1.2 Outdoor-outdoor environments .............................................................................................. - 25 - • 5.1.3 Outdoor-indoor environments ................................................................................................ - 25 - • 5.2 Physical Layer............................................................................................................................... - 26 - • 5.3 MAC sublayer................................................................................................................................ - 26 - • 5.4 Example Modeling Tool.................................................................................................................. - 26 - • 5.5 Other Tools ................................................................................................................................... - 27 - • 6 Findings / Results........................................................................................................................... - 28 - • 7 Conclusions.................................................................................................................................... - 31 - • 8 References ..................................................................................................................................... - 32 - • 9 Bibliography.................................................................................................................................... - 32 - Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  18. NIST Report status • Working draft of Guidelines for using wireless communications (Output of March 31, 2010). • NIST_Priotity_Action_Plan_2_r04.pdf: Fourth draft version of the guideline from PAP#2 • Additional material submitted for insertion in paper r5. Send comments to bkraemer@marvell.com Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  19. PPDU data frame PLCP Preamble 18 Byte PLCP Header 6 Byte MPDU data frame MAC Header 30 Byte FCS Frame Check 4 Byte TCP/IP packet LLC 3 Byte SNAP 5 Byte IP Header 20 Byte TCP Header 20 Byte Data 0 - xxxx Byte Example of 802.11 Framing The bit package sent over the air is the PPDU which contains all of the PHY specific information, the MAC specific information, TCP/IP information, and the user application data. Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  20. Example: Construction of PPDU around payload Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  21. Information from prior calls Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  22. Agenda Status Report on Connectivity Week - Santa Clara May 24-28 Any other items from members Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  23. Status report Connectivity Week - Santa Clara May 24-28 • Included meetings for SGIP & P2030 • Most of the SGIP DEWGs & PAPs held working meetings • P2030 held 4 days of meetings Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  24. P2030 Overview • Standard Title • IEEE P2030 Draft Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System (EPS), and End-Use Applications and Loads • Scope This document provides guidelines for smart grid interoperability. This guide provides a knowledge base addressing terminology, characteristics, functional performance and evaluation criteria, and the application of engineering principles for smart grid interoperability of the electric power system with end-use applications and loads. The guide discusses alternate approaches to good practices for the smart grid. Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  25. P2030 Highlights P2030 held 4 days of meetings • Primary activity was review and proposed edits of Draft 2.1 • https://mentor.ieee.org/2030/dcn/10/2030-10-0242-00-0015-p2030-draft-2-1-with-line-numbers-added.pdf • Most time spent in each group refining the diagrams • Comments collected will be incorporated during June • Draft 3.0 due out for comment in July http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/2030/2030_index.html Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  26. SGIP Events • SGIP Plenary Meetings and Webinars (attendance required for participating members) • Meeting NameTypeDate/Times of upcoming meetingsRegistration • Spring Meeting Face-to-Face May 24 to May 27 Agenda for week. • Plenary Update Webinar July 23rd, 1pm to 3pm Eastern To register and receive web/phone access • Plenary Update Webinar Sept. 17th, 1pm to 3pm Eastern To register and receive web/phone access • Plenary Update Webinar Oct. 29th, 1pm to 3pm Eastern To register and receive web/phone access • Fall Meeting Face-to-Face Nov. 30 to Dec. 3 Current details. Further details to post in early October. Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  27. Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  28. Near Term Action Items Completion for review of PAP#2 report Section 4 (Wireless) Current version of overall report can be found at: http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/pub/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless/NIST_Priotity_Action_Plan_2_r04.pdf Next Call Wednesday June 9 (877) 627-6785 00692 Status report on all activities for IEEE 802 July Plenary Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  29. Introduction to the NIST PAP2 Report • Report Preface • This guide is the output of the Priority Action Plan number 2 (PAP#2), wireless communications for the smart grid, which is part of the Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP). PAP#2’s work area investigates the strengths, weaknesses, capabilities, and constraints of existing and emerging standards-based physical media for wireless communications. The approach is to work with the appropriate standard development organizations (SDOs) to determine the characteristics of each technology for Smart Grid application areas and types. Results are used to assess the appropriateness of wireless communications technologies for meeting Smart Grid applications’ requirements. • This guide contains the smart grid reference architecture, the user applications’ requirements, candidate wireless technologies and their capabilities, a methodology to assess the appropriateness of wireless communications technologies along with an example model, and some results. Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  30. Section 4 – Wireless Technology -Contents Outline • Introduction • The data collection form • Group categories • Row descriptions • Clarification of the row entry • Technology information (Columns) • Technology names • Technology sources • Explanation of Entries & Validation source • Per Technology descriptions • Completed • Under development • Reference Sources Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  31. Wireless Characteristics • 1. Link Availability • 2. Data/Media Type Supported • 3. Coverage Area • 4. Mobility • 5. Data Rates • 6. RF Utilization • 7. Data Frames & Packets • 8. Link Quality Optimization • 9. Radio Performance Measurment & Management • 10. Power Management • 11. Connection Topologies • 12. Connection Management • 13. QoS & Traffic Prioritization • 14. Location Characterization • 15. Security & Security Management • 16. Radio Environment • 17. Intra-technology Coexistence • 18. Inter-technology Coexistence • 19. Unique Device Identification • 20. Technology Specification Source • 21. Deployment Domain Characterization • 22. Exclusions Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  32. Wireless Technologies • Cdma2000 1x and cdma2000 HRPD • Cdma2000 xHRDP • GMR-1 3G • IPOS/DVB-S2 • RSM-A • IEEE 802.16 e,m • IEEE 802.11 • IEEE 802.15 • Inmarsat BGAN • LTE • HSPA+ • UMTS • EDGE Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  33. Technology Description and Behavior in support of Throughput calculations Range Calculations Security Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  34. Technology Description Clarifications Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  35. Group 2: Data/Media Type Supported, b: Data; • 2.1 Group 2: Data/Media Type Supported, b: Data; • Over the air PHY rate • What is the meaning of Data? It is in measurement units of Maximum user data rate per user in Mb/s. • Since 802.15.4 gives 0.25 Mb/s one might assume that it is the physical medium rate. However with that assumption, it does not apply to the value for 802.11 of 0.70 Mb/s. • Therefore one must assume another meaning. For example data rate minus protocol (and/or framing) overhead results in 0.70 Mb/s (i.e., maximum user data rate (i.e., MAC Service Data Unit)), if so then the 802.15.4 value must be changed to comply with that assumption. • Agreement on a consistent meaning of Data is needed. • Is it the maximum user data rate seen at the interface to/from the MAC sublayer? • Is it an instantaneous data rate? • Since it states Maximum user data rate per user, perhaps the number of users that was assumed for the calculation needs to be stated as well, especially when the medium is shared as in 802.11 and 802.15.4. Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  36. 2.3 Group 5: Data Rates items c and d (Peak goodput over the air UL/DL data rate) • How is the goodput calculated? • Is goodput strictly calculated on a single MAC sublayer frame’s payload divided by the resulting physical layer packet? • Is the goodput calculated including any CSMA overhead and the entire message exchange (e.g., data frame and acknowledgement frame)? • Both 802.11 and 802.15.4 can act as either peer to peer (p2p) or AP to/from STA for 802.11 or coordinator to/from device for 802.15.4. So for the peer case UL and DL would be the same. However for the non-P2P case UL and DL might be different. Both 802.11 and 802.15 use the same channel in this case, but the protocol overhead might be different (e.g., polling a PAN coordinator to retreive data vs device sending to PAN coordinator for 802.15.4). Clarification (i.e., note) on the type of mode that is being used to achieve the values for the data rates is needed. Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  37. 2.3.2 Sample peak goodput for 802.11 baseline • Was not able to obtain 0.7 Mb/s, assuming only data transmission overhead for one data frame transmission and its associated acknoledgement. What other additional overhead assumptions were assumed? Beacon transmission? RTS/CTS? Association and authentication procedures? • 2.3.2.1 (A) • Assuming one message exchange of one 50us DIFS + zero backoff + long preamble (144) + PLCP (48) + 28 bytes MAC overhead + 2312 bytes user data (maximum) + 10 us SIFS + ACKnowledgement packet under DCF; a peak throughput of 0.959 Mb/s. • 2.3.2.2 (B) • Assuming one message exchange of one 50us DIFS + 15.5 backoff slots (average first attempt successful)+ long preamble (144) + PLCP (48) + 28 bytes MAC overhead + 2312 bytes user data (maximum) + 10 us SIFS + ACKnowledgement packet under DCF and DS; a peak throughput of 0.944 Mb/s. Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  38. Group 7, Data frames and packets, item a frame duration and item b Maximum packet size What is meant by frame? What is meant by packet? Are they the same or different? Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  39. 2.4 Group 7, Data frames and packets, item a frame duration and item b Maximum packet size Sample explanation What is meant by frame? There are three primary Frame group types identified in 802.11 Management, Control & Data. Payload data is transported inside a data frame. The Data Frame is composed of a number of sub fields: control field, duration field, address fields, sequence field, data, frame check sequence. This collection of fields is referred to as a MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU). The source payload data may fit into one frame or if larger than 2312 bytes requires fragmentation and transmission using multiple data frames. When the MPDU is prepared to send out over the air there are additional fields added for preamble, start of frame delimiter and header. These fields then comprise the Physical Layer Packet Data Unit (PPDU). What is meant by packet? “Packet” is a general term that refers to the combination of control, address, and data fields described above that includes the payload data of interest . Are they the same or different? When the terms Packet and Frame are used without further qualifiers they can be considered to be equivalent. Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  40. Technology Description Protocol Details Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  41. 802.11 MAC and Physical Layer Data Frame Encapsulation(Ref: Draft P802.11-REVmb/D3.0, March 2010) MSDU LLC Frame Control (2 bytes) Duration /ID (2 bytes) Address1 (6 bytes) Address2 (6 bytes) Address3 (6 bytes) Sequence. Control (2 bytes) QoS Control (2 bytes) HT Control (2 bytes) MAC MAC Header CCMP Header (8 bytes) MSDU MIC (8 bytes) Frame CheckSum(4 bytes) MPDU PLCP Preamble PLCP Header PSDU Tail Pad Bytes PHY PHY Layer Specific PPDU ( Example : OFDM Phy , Clause 17) Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  42. 802.11 MAC and Physical Layer Control Frame Encapsulation(Ref: Draft P802.11-REVmb/D3.0, March 2010) LLC Optional Control Info (BlockAck and BlockAckReq) Carried Frame Control HT Control Carried Frame Frame Control (2 bytes) Duration /ID (2 bytes) Address1 (6 bytes) OptionalAddress2 (6 bytes) MAC Optional Control Info MAC Header Optional Control Info Frame CheckSum(4 bytes) MPDU PLCP Preamble PLCP Header PSDU Tail Pad Bytes PHY PHY Layer Specific PPDU ( Example : OFDM Phy , Clause 17) Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  43. 802.11 MAC and Physical Layer Management Frame Encapsulation(Ref: Draft P802.11-REVmb/D3.0, March 2010) LLC Frame Control (2 bytes) Duration /ID (2 bytes) Address1 (6 bytes) Address2 (6 bytes) Address3 (6 bytes) Sequence. Control (2 bytes) HT Control (2 bytes) Management Frame Body LLC MAC MAC Header Management Frame Body Frame CheckSum(4 bytes) MMPDU PLCP Preamble PLCP Header PSDU Tail Pad Bytes PHY PHY Layer Specific PPDU ( Example : OFDM Phy , Clause 17) Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  44. 802.11 MAC and Physical Layer Management Frame Encapsulation(Ref: Draft P802.11-REVmb/D3.0, March 2010) LLC Frame Control (2 bytes) Duration /ID (2 bytes) Address1 (6 bytes) Address2 (6 bytes) Address3 (6 bytes) Sequence. Control (2 bytes) HT Control (2 bytes) Management Frame Body LLC MAC MAC Header Management Frame Body Frame CheckSum(4 bytes) MMPDU PPDU PHY PHY Layer Specific PPDU ( Example : OFDM Phy , Clause 17) Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  45. Framing http://forskningsnett.uninett.no/wlan/throughput.html Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  46. Resulting Data Message sizes (for this selection) On-demand meter read 100 bytes TLS 25 bytes Transport TCP 20 bytes IP-SEC (Tunnel mode) 80 bytes IPv6 40 bytes IEEE 802.11 CCMP 16 bytes IEEE 802.11 28 bytes DSSS 24 bytes ---------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTALS 333 bytes Similarly for Application Error on-demand meter read TOTALS 283 bytes Similarly for Multiple interval meter read TOTALS 1833 bytes - 2833 bytes* *Exceeds MTU of 802.11 must segment into two frames http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/pub/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless/March31NISTPresentation.ppt Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  47. Technology Description PHY Details Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  48. 802.11a Throughput Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  49. Behavior Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

  50. Example throughput calculations - #1 1Mbps PHY rate, DCF, single sender to receiver pair, no backoff Bruce Kraemer, Marvell

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