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Chapter 12: The World War I Era. V. Global Peacemaker. Bell Ringer. At what cost peace? – explain this?. Objectives. Discover the expectations that Wilson and the Allies brought to the Paris peace conference. Learn about the important provisions of the peace treaty.
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Chapter 12: The World War I Era V. Global Peacemaker
Bell Ringer • At what cost peace? – explain this?
Objectives • Discover the expectations that Wilson and the Allies brought to the Paris peace conference. • Learn about the important provisions of the peace treaty. • Find out how the federal government and ordinary Americans reacted to the end of the war.
A) Setting the Scene • Wilson idealistic • Fourteen Points: Wilson’s peace proposal in 1918 for a postwar European peace • Self-determination: country’s power to make decisions about one’s own future. • End secret alliances, no trade barriers, reduce military, and allow ethnic populations to determine their own future
B) The Paris Peace Conference • Wilson treated as conquering hero (at first) • Senate controlled by Republicans – brought 1 with his delegation • Wilson forced to Compromise – allowed allies (UK, France, Italy) to take over Germany’s colonies – no self determination • League of Nations: organization in which the nations of the world would join together to ensure security and peace for all its members. • Article 10: teeth of the League – an attack on one is an attack on all – Republicans hated it, could drag us into war.
C) The Peace Treaty • French wanted harsh penalties against Germany – US objected – passed anyway • Redrawing the Map of Europe: New countries were created – impossible to have clean ethnic divisions • Ottoman Empire became Turkey – UK got Palestine – France got Syria • Italy got nothing – Orlando forced to resign
War Guilt and Reparations: French and British wanted Germany to admit they started war and pay money to Allies • Wilson thought it was humiliating to Germany – they never forgot • reparations: payment for economic injury in war – 33 billion • Versailles Treaty: ended WWI – Germany forced to sign it.
D) Reactions at Home • Irreconciables – would not ever sign treaty • Reservationists – would sign if US allowed to keep Monroe Doctrine • Wilson barnstormed the country to gather support – stroke – invalid • Wilson vetoed separate peace treaty, next Harding signed it. (1920) • US big power – disregards it and focuses on home • Economy suffers – government contracts cancelled – no program to integrate troops – women fired to give them jobs
Review • What expectation did Wilson and the Allies bring to the Paris Peace Conference? • What were the important provisions of the peace treaty? • How did the federal government and ordinary Americans react to the end of war?