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Westward Migration and Mexican-American War: Causes and Events

This chapter explores the causes of westward migration in the United States, including Manifest Destiny, independence of Mexico, and the desire for resources and adventure. It also delves into the events leading to the Mexican-American War, including the Texas War of Independence and the debates over expansion. The chapter concludes with the U.S. victory in the war and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

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Westward Migration and Mexican-American War: Causes and Events

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  1. Chapter 9 NotesWestward Migration & The Mexican American War

  2. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? M I G R A T I O N

  3. Expansionists • a person who favored territorial growth

  4. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Manifest Destiny - belief that God wanted the U.S. to own all of North America

  5. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Independence of Mexico (1821) – had a weak government and economy after breaking with Spain; expansionists wanted New Mexico, Texas, & California

  6. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? God – some moved to found Indian missions (an establishment to carry on religious work); Marcus & Narcissa Whitman - Oregon Country

  7. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Resources – horses, furs, silver, mules, gold

  8. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Adventure

  9. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) – bound the Indians to the territories away from major westward trails; mostly ignored

  10. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Isolation – Brigham Young led the Mormons west to Utah in 1847 to escape the hostilities the group had faced in Illinois

  11. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Overland Trails – established by merchants and Mountain Men, these were used by pioneers to travel West; example: Oregon Trail – began in Missouri, crossed Rockies and ended at Pacific

  12. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? New Farms – many chose to travel West to gain bigger and better farms in Oregon or California than they had owned

  13. Missouri Compromise (1820) • Henry Clay • Missouri wanted to be a slave state, but this would throw off the slave state (11), free state (11) balance • Solution: Missouri admitted as a slave state, Maine admitted as a free state • Established 36° 30’ line for the Louisiana Territory • No slavery north of the line

  14. Compromise Map Activity The Missouri Compromise 1820 (page 335) • Locate the states and territories outlined on your map. Label them • Use one color to shade the FREE states in 1820. • Use another color to shade the SLAVE states in 1820. • Draw a bold line to show the Missouri Compromise line. • Use the same color from # 2 to shade the TERRITORIES where slavery was PROHIBITED. • Use the same color from # 3 to shade the TERRITORIES were slavery was ALLOWED. • Create a key in the blank box.

  15. Texas & the Mexican-American War

  16. Events Leading to the Mexican-American War Timeline Read “Texas Wins Independence” pgs. 305 - 307 Complete the following parts of your timeline: • 1821 – Stephen Austin begins leading settlers into Texas (Describe the tensions) • 1834 – Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna seizes power in Mexico (What were his actions? How did Americans respond?) • 1836 (Mar.) – The Alamo (What happened? How did Americans react?) • 1836 (Apr.) – Sam Houston & Battle of San Jacinto (What happened? Who won? What was Santa Anna forced to do?)

  17. Lone Star Republic • Texas declared independence from Mexico • 1836-1846 • 1st President: Sam Houston

  18. Events Leading to the Mexican-American War Timeline Read “Americans Debate Expansion” pgs307 - 308 Complete the following parts of your timeline: • 1836(-1845) – Debate rages in Congress • 1844 – Presidential Election Read “The Mexican-American War” (stop at “U.S. Forces Sweep to Victory”) page 308 Complete the following parts of your timeline: • 1845 (Dec.) – Congress votes to annex Texas • 1846 (May) – President Polk provokes the war?

  19. The Mexican-American War(The Highlights) • United States won every major battle • Navy, led by explorer John C. Fremont seized control of California • Winfield Scott captured Mexico City • American victory after only 1½ years

  20. Why the U.S. won the Mexican-American War • U.S. Advantages: • larger nation • wealthier • more populous • industry – arms & ammunition • larger & better navy and army • Skilled officers • Zachary Taylor, Winfield Scott, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, and William T. Sherman

  21. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Feb. 1848 • Terms: • Americans – leave Mexico City & pay $15 million • Mexico – gave up New Mexico & California • Rio Grade was set at the southern boundary of Texas

  22. Gadsden Purchase • 1853 • U.S. bought land from Mexico in southern Arizona & New Mexico

  23. Wilmot Proviso • proposed in 1846 by David Wilmot • law that would ban slavery in any lands won from Mexico • broke party unity & split Congress based on sectional lines • supported by northern Democrats & Whigs • opposed by southern Democrats & Whigs • Proviso repeatedly failed in Congress

  24. California Gold Rush • 1848 gold found east of Sacramento, CA • 80,000 people (known as forty-niners) moved to CA by land trails or by ship • California applied for statehood in 1849 as a free state - threatened to break the free (15) / slave (15) state balance

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