Quiz 3- Ch 8 During 13 th & 14 th April Quiz 4- Ch 9 During 15 th & 16 th April

1. Quiz 3- Ch 8During 13th & 14th AprilQuiz 4- Ch 9During 15th & 16th April

2. Ch 10 Evaluation Sorting, Categorizing, Rating and Evaluating a large quantity of ideas. Simple checklists To complex weighted scoring systems

3. Objective finding - define the problem area • Acceptance finding (divergent) • Fact finding - gather information • Solution finding - evaluate and choose between • Problem finding - define the problem correctly • Idea finding - generate solutions to the problem

4. Rating and evaluating ideas • Recurrent problem- how to market books. • 1. More effort could be put into employing additional sales representatives to call on universities and colleges • 2. On the other hand, efforts could be directed towards developing and marketing a website.

5. Rating and evaluating ideas … • Various ways of evaluation • Financial effectiveness of the two approaches (generating extra revenue ) • Choose the option or possible combination of the two options that will produce the highest expected financial pay-off. • However, relying on such an approach alone may be unsatisfactory • uncertainty surrounding the financial costs and benefits associated with the two options or their various combinations. • Non-financial criterion?

6. Rating and evaluating ideas … • Non-financial criteria and evaluate each idea • A scale of 1–10 (10 being ‘good’ and 1 being ‘poor’). • Increasing awareness, interest, knowledge of products and services. Of course, as with all rating scales, complications then arise as to how one weights the different criteria since some may be considered to be more important than others. • More offering using reverse brainstorming. • list the options available and brainstorm the difficulties • problems identified and try to come up with possible solutions to these problems.

7. Rating and evaluating ideas … • Identify the practicability of implementing each option in addition to the financial costs and benefits • These are some of the key issues to consider. • How does one decide that one idea is better than another? • What criteria does one use to make such evaluations? • How does one equate one thing with another?

8. Rating and evaluating ideas … • For example, two projects offer different financial benefits, so • should one consider the one with the better financial prospect? • What about risk? • What about non-financial benefits? • How does one measure many of these things? • Are some of the criteria more critical to the success of the project than others? • All these kinds of things have to be taken into account when evaluating projects or ideas.

9. Sorting aluminum foil application ideas • Ideas written down on a sheet of paper • Then examined for those that looked interesting (highlighting), and the remainder were discarded. • The remaining ideas were then grouped according to different hotspots or themes. • An idea could be appended to more than one hotspot or theme (indicated by the entries in brackets). Textbook- Page 213/214

10. Advantages-disadvantages tables • Simplest method by comparing • how we should reorganize the office • method A • method B • Criteria against which we want to compare and evaluate the ideas. The same criteria are used for both of the options • space is left to indicate whether the idea was rated as having predominantly advantages or disadvantages when considered against those criteria. Evaluation Methods

11. Advantages-disadvantages tables … • A rough evaluation tool • preliminary screening device • too many limitations • assumes that all the criteria carry equal weight and • overall score that is important compared to critical factors

12. PMI: PLUS/MINUS/INTERESTING • It is a development (by Edward de Bono) of the ‘pros and cons’ technique used for centuries. • One simply draws up a table headed Plus’, ‘Minus’ and ‘Interesting’. • In the column underneath the ‘Plus’ heading one writes down all the positive points of taking the action. Underneath the ‘Minus’ heading one writes down all the negative effects. In the ‘Interesting’ column one writes down the extended implications of taking the action, whether positive or negative.

13. PMI

14. The Castle technique • Evaluating a large number of ideas and is made up of four steps: • A time-limit for the exercise should be set – say,1 hour. • Three criteria are used to evaluate each idea • acceptability (the extent to which it leads to a satisfactory solution) • practicality (the extent to which it satisfiesfinancial and time constraints) and • originality (the extent to which it makes a significant improvement on the status quo).

15. The Castle technique … • Evaluating a large number of ideas and is made up of four steps: • Each participant in the evaluation exercise has the same number of votes as there are ideas. • Participants are instructed to vote for each idea with either a ‘yes’ or a ‘no’ vote. One vote per idea per individual is allowed. • The two ideas which receive the highest number of positive votes (number of ‘yes’ votes minus number of ‘no’ votes) are then combined into one idea.

16. Sticking Dots • Small group of individuals • Each group member has a fixed number of votes (usually these are physically represented in the form of self-adhesive colored dots).Group members can then vote in any way they wish.

17. Creative Evaluation • Dealing with a large number of ideas. • All ideas are evaluated in terms of time and financial requirements • 1List the ideas. • 2Categorise the ideas into simple, hard and difficult. (expenditure)

18. Force-field Analysis

19. Weighting Systems • Generate evaluative criteria. • Assigns different weighting for each criterion reflecting its importance with respect to the problem under consideration. • Each idea is rated on the degree to which it satisfies each criterion. • Multiplies the criteria-importance rating one has assigned to obtain the rated score. • Weighted scores are then summed to obtain an overall weighted score for each idea or theme.

20. Weighting Systems …

22. Chapter 10 Evaluation • Sorting • Evaluation • Advantage-disadvantage tables • Plus/Minus/Interesting • Castle technique • Sticking dots • Creative evaluation • Force field analysis • Weighting systems • Choosing • Qualitative evaluation: reverse brainstorming • Financial/mathematical evaluations • Creative evaluation • Pay-off tables • Decision trees

24. Use relatively simple Sorting And Evaluation evaluation Use hits and Sort Ideas methods such hotspots as a under the as: method of headings of identifying themes or Advantages- themes and groupings disadvantages groupings Plus/Minus/ Interesting Eliminate Castle generally technique unattractive groupings or Sticking dots themes from further Creative consideration evaluation Force Filed Analysis Where Use qualitative appropriate Weighting analysis to use Use Reverse Systems select the final mathematical/ Brainstorming ideas for financial or a more implementation evaluation sophisticated evaluation system such as

25. Sorting

26. Advantage-disadvantage tables Plus/Minus/Interesting Castle technique Sticking dots Creative evaluation Force field analysis Weighting systems Evaluation

27. Choosing