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Nutrition and food security some more principles Spring 2009

Nutrition and food security some more principles Spring 2009. I 613-2-09. Energy requirements Nutrient types and deficiencies Household food security Care interventions, feeding practices. Energy requirements. Energy needs of population depend on: Resting metabolic needs (BMR)

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Nutrition and food security some more principles Spring 2009

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  1. Nutrition and food security some more principles Spring 2009 I 613-2-09

  2. Energy requirements • Nutrient types and deficiencies • Household food security • Care interventions, feeding practices

  3. Energy requirements Energy needs of population depend on: • Resting metabolic needs (BMR) • Activity: > 1.5 BMR • Demographic composition • ( includes pregnancy and lactation) • Temperature • E.g. emergencies 2100 kcals; usually around 2200 kcals; see RDAs

  4. Energy needs: about 2200 kcals/hd/day, averaged over popn • Protein: about 10% of energy should be from protein. • CHO: 3.5-4.0 kcals/g • Protein: 4.0 kcals/g • Fat: 9.0 kcals/g

  5. Nutrient types and deficiencies Type I - reduced tissue concentration and specific clinical signs Type II - reduced growth rate and non-specific signs

  6. Nutrient types and deficiencies Source: M Golden

  7. Nutrient types and deficiencies Source: M Golden

  8. Household food security. • Except in emergencies (and even then) interventions to improve food security are pretty much the same as those to reduce poverty. • Relevant actions: • Macroeconomic adjustment • Employment policies • Employment provision • Agricultural policies • Cash transfers (maybe conditional) • Food prices and subsidies, public distribution • General subsidies • Targeted • Rations and quotas • Food stamps and coupons See: ‘nutrition-relevant actions’ www.unsystem.org/scn

  9. Measure food security and hunger: • FPI/CPI • Income/exp surveys • Food cons surveys (incl 24 hr recall) • Food perception q’aires • Anthropometry ? See FIVIMS meeting: http://www.fivims.net/documents/ISS/ISS_e/ISS_exesum.pdf

  10. Care Interventions

  11. Community-based and service delivery (facility-based) programs • Vertical micronutrient programs • Nutrition in health services and schools • Contextual and supporting policies.

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