1 / 51

Medical Terminology Basics

Medical Terminology Basics. Chapter 1. Health care workers need to know many medical terms in order to do their jobs well. Medical Terminology. Knowledge. There are 4 categories of medical terms:. Constructed terms Eponyms Abbreviations Acronyms. TAKE THIS DOWN IN.

briana
Download Presentation

Medical Terminology Basics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Medical TerminologyBasics Chapter 1

  2. Health care workers need to know many medical terms in order to do their jobs well. Medical Terminology Knowledge

  3. There are 4 categories of medical terms: • Constructed terms • Eponyms • Abbreviations • Acronyms TAKE THIS DOWN IN YOUR NOTES, PLEASE!

  4. CONSTRUCTED TERMS Medical terms made up of several distinct parts.

  5. EPONYMS Medical Terms named after the people who discovered a disease or scientific process. Example: “Pasteurization” is an Eponym named after the scientist Louis Pasteur.

  6. ABBREVIATIONS Short versions of longer words. For example: Histo is the short version of the word: Histology , which means the “study of tissues”

  7. ABBREVIATIONS Another example: Stat is the short version of the word: Statim, which is a Latin word that means “immediately”

  8. ACRONYMS Words created from the first letter of each word found in a group of words. For example: “SOB” stands for: “Short Of Breath.”

  9. What are the four major types of Medical Terms? • Constructed terms • Eponyms • Abbreviations • Acronyms

  10. Constructed Terms The most prevalent type of medical terms

  11. Constructed Terms are: Words made up of several parts. . .

  12. . . .such as this common word: Biology

  13. The first part is: The second part is: Bio- -logy Bio + logy = Biology

  14. Bio- means: -logy means: Life, Living Things (the) Study of How would you define: “Biology” from its parts?

  15. Biology is defined as: “The study of Life and Living things”

  16. This means we are actually taking apart words, defining the meaning of the individual parts, and building a whole definition based on the meanings of the parts.

  17. Word parts can include: • Prefixes • Word Roots • Suffixes • Combining Vowels

  18. Comprehension Check- • What do we call medical terms that are built by connecting word parts/word elements? • Constructed Terms

  19. Comprehension Check- • What word parts/word elements are typically used to build constructed terms? • Word Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes, Combining vowels

  20. Let’s look at another constructed medical term, “Physiology”. Physi/o/logy = Physi = nature (word root) -logy = the study of (suffix) Defined as: The study of nature

  21. Did you notice in the last word, physiology, that there is a vowel– “o”—that stands alone? • This is called the combining vowel.

  22. What are the two word parts? Word root = Suffix = Physi -logy

  23. What does each word part mean? Physi = -logy = Nature (the) study of

  24. So, in the word physiology, how does the vowel— “o”– function? It isn’t part of the word root or the suffix. Remember: Physi: (word root) = “Nature” -logy: (suffix) = “the study of” What about the “o”? Why is the “o” even there?

  25. The vowel– “o”– functions as a connector between the word root, Physi, and the suffix, -logy. • We need to add the vowel “o” because the suffix—logy, begins with a consonant letter, “L.”

  26. Color Coding of word parts: From now on you will see: • all WORD ROOTS highlighted in PURPLE • all COMBINING VOWELS highlighted in RED • all SUFFIXES highlighted in BLUE • all PREFIXES highlighted in GREEN

  27. Medical Terms that are constructed from parts • To review, medical terms that are constructed from parts may include: • Word Roots • Prefixes • Suffixes • One or more Combining Vowels (usually an “o” or an “i”

  28. Word roots, prefixes, suffixes Let’s learn about each of these things separately. First: • Word Roots.

  29. Word Root: the Foundation • The Word Root is the basic foundation of a constructed medical term • Usually tells about the body part/system • Other word parts can be added to a word root

  30. Example word root: cardi • cardi = heart • Words with cardiwill always refer to the heart

  31. Prefix: a beginning • Always attaches to the BEGINNING of a word **IMPORTANT NOTE: The meaning of a prefix always remains the same.

  32. Example: endo always means “within” no matter what it attaches to. Look at the words: endothelium, endocarditis, endotracheal, endoscope In all of these words,endo- always means “within.

  33. *****IMPORTANT NOTE***** Not all medical terms (words) have prefixes!

  34. Suffix: an ending • Always attaches to the END of a word • Makes a word a noun or an adjective **IMPORTANT NOTE: The meaning of a suffix always remains the same.

  35. Example: -itis always means “inflammation” no matter what it attaches to. Look at the words: sinusitis, rhinitis, tendonitis, bursitis, appendicitis In all of these words, -itis always means “inflammation.”

  36. Combining vowel: a connector Sometimes the word root is followed by a special vowel that acts as a “connector” between the word root and the suffix, or in some cases, between a word root and a second word root.

  37. Example 1: Cardi + o + graphy Example 2: Electr + o + cardi + o + graph

  38. Cardi (word root) = Graphy (suffix) = “o” = (combining vowel) Heart (the) process of recording **NOTE: combining vowels do not add to the meaning of constructed medical terms EXAMPLE #1 CARDIOGRAPHY

  39. Electr(word root # 1)= o (combining vowel) Cardi(word root # 2)= o (combining vowel) graph (suffix) = Electrical Heart Instrument used to record EXAMPLE # 2 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH

  40. Let’s try another example: Myoelectric Here is how to divide that word into its parts: my/o/electr/ic • Root # 1 = my • Combining vowel = o • Root # 2 = electr • Suffix = ic

  41. Let’s Practice! Take apart the word . . . Cardiomyopathy First, determine how many WORD ROOTS there are.

  42. Next, find the combining vowels that are attached to each word root: Cardi + o My + o

  43. Finally, identify the ending, called the suffix: Cardi/o/my/o/+? -pathy

  44. Well done! You have taken apart and built back up a medical term: Cardi/o/my/o/pathy = Cardiomyopathy

  45. But we’re not quite finished yet. What does each word element, or word part actually mean?

  46. Cardi/o = heart My/o = muscle -pathy = disease ------------------------------------- So, you could base a simple definition off of the knowledge of the word parts. “Disease of the heart muscle” or “Heart muscle disease.”

  47. Comprehension Checker- • Prefixes are placed where? • Suffixes are placed where? • Combining vowels are used when? • at the beginning of words • at the end of word roots • when a word has more than one word root or when the suffix begins with a consonant letter

  48. Some medical terms are not constructed using word parts, but are derived from original Latin or Greek words from ancient times.

  49. Example: The term cochlea is a Latin word that means “snail shell.” The cochlea of the ear closely resembles the shape and look of a snail shell.

  50. Pronunciation Practice Cardiology Electrocardiogram Neurological Cyanotic Thoracic Duodenal Radiographer Hypodermic Cardiomegaly Eponym Acronym Abbreviation Electrocardiograph Psychiatrist Endocarditis Sinusitis Venous Cardialgia

More Related