Using Federally – Provided Systems to Meet State and Local Positioning Needs

1. Using Federally – Provided Systems to Meet State and Local Positioning Needs Civil GPS Service Interface Committee U.S. States and Local Government Subcommittee Regional Meeting Charleston, WV April 14, 2010 Timothy A. Klein Senior Policy Advisor/RITA NDGPS Coordinator NDGPS@dot.gov

2. GPS is a Critical Component of the Global Information Infrastructure Satellite Operations Aviation Surveying & Mapping Precision Agriculture Communications Power Grids Disease Control Trucking & Shipping Personal Navigation Fishing & Boating Oil Exploration

3. New Civil GPS Capabilities • Ongoing modernization program is adding three new civil GPS signals • L2C, L5, L1C -- in addition to existing L1 C/A • Technical documentation available online, free • Availability of new GPS capabilities will drive user equipment sales, upgrades • New signal designs and signal combinations will spur new applications, markets

4. New Civil GPS Capabilities:Second Civil Signal (L2C) • Designed to meet commercial needs • Higher accuracy via ionospheric correction • Eliminates need for “semi-codeless” GPS technology, which is being phased out by 2020 • Expected to generate over $5 billion in user productivity benefits • Currently available on 7 operational satellites Benefits existing professional receivers Increases accuracyfor consumers Supports miniaturization, possible indoor use

5. New Civil GPS Capabilities:Third Civil Signal (L5) • Designed to meet demanding requirements for transport safety • Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radionavigation Service (ARNS) band • Will lead to new sales of dual-frequency equipment for aircraft, other vehicles • Commercial innovation expected from availability of triple-frequency GPS • Sub-meter, standalone positioning • Opportunity for international interoperability • Demo signal activated in April 2009 • SVN 49 Anomaly • DOT seeking options

6. New Civil GPS Capabilities:Fourth Civil Signal (L1C) • Designed with international partners for interoperability • Galileo • Other nations TBD • Intent: Modernized civil signal at L1 frequency • More robust navigation across a broad range of user applications • Improved performance in challenged tracking environments • Original signal retained for backward compatibility • Launches with GPS IIIA Under trees Inside cities

7. FAA’s WAAS Architecture

8. Intelsat 133°W Telesat 107°W WAAS Orbital Architecture 4F3 98° W

9. Nationwide Differential GPS • Expansion of maritime differential GPS (DGPS) network to cover terrestrial United States • Built to international standard adopted in 50+ countries

10. Terrestrial NDGPS Capabilities and Uses • Transportation operational requirements: • Federal HighwayAdministration (FHWA) • on behalf of state and local DOT stakeholders • routine use in Federal-Aid Program • survey, construction, quality, asset management • roadside management • law enforcement • Association of American Railroads • baseline reference • National Governor’s Association • use by state DOTs, resource management agencies

11. Terrestrial NDGPS Capabilities and Uses (2) • Other federal, state/local and private operational requirements: • Department of Agriculture/Department of Interior (NPS, USFS, BLM, etc.) • One meter real-time positioning and navigation • Fire management and safety • Department of Commerce (NOAA) • Continuously Operating Reference Stations • Severe weather forecasting • State, County and Local Governments • Departments of Transportation, Natural Resources, Environmental Protection, Agriculture, Parks • Private/Non-Profit Sector • U.S. GPS Industry Council • National Precision Farming Association • Professional Land Surveyors

12. Cooperation with Canada • 16 U.S. and 11 Canadian DGPS sites cooperate for increased coverage along the border

13. NDGPS in Dredging • Army Corps of Engineers uses include: • Aids to Navigation • Underwater Surveying • Dredging (2 meter accuracy requirement)

14. Precision Agriculture • Maximize use of resources • Optimized plowing of crop rows • Tailored applications of seeds, fertilizer, water, pesticides • Improved management of land, machinery, personnel, time • Greater crop yields • Minimize environmental impacts • Localized identification and treatment of distressed crops reduces chemical use • Precise leveling of fields prevents fluid runoff

15. Severe Storm Forecasting • NOAA’s Earth Systems Research Laboratory uses M/NDGPS data to estimate the amount of water vapor over the U.S. every 30 minutes • Used by weather forecasters • to monitor rapidly changing • conditions • This knowledge is critical for • forecasting severe weather • events such as tornados, • hurricanes, thunderstorms, • and snow storms • Used in several operational • NOAA weather models

16. Monitoring Space Weather • NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center uses NDGPS data to map the spatial distribution of free electrons in the ionosphere, once every 15 minutes • The distribution of free electrons • in the ionosphere affects HF radio • communication and delays the • arrival of GPS signals • Delay is interpreted as position • errors, which can be as large as • 100 meters in extreme cases • Solar storms proven to affect • on-orbit satellite performance and • transmissions, including GPS

17. NDGPS Opportunities • NOAA/National Geodetic Survey test-streaming NDGPS corrections to users over Internet • Improved civil sector customer service • Enabling technology for commercial services • DHS expects NDGPS to be part of GPS Interference Detection and Monitoring (IDM) capability • Critical infrastructure protection beyond transportation • Could support a Nationwide Emergency Communications System • DOT continuing to pursue potential high accuracy (HA-NDGPS) upgrade (1 cm accuracy) • Joint documentation meetings (DOT/FHWA, Coast Guard) • Depends upon requirements definition

18. National Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) • Enables highly accurate, 3-D positioning • Centimeter-level precision • Tied to National Spatial Reference System • 1,200+ sites operated by 200+ public, private, academic organizations • NOAA’s Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) automatically processes coordinates submitted via the web from around the world • OPUS-RS (Rapid Static) delivers results from user data sets as short as 15 minutes • NOAA considering support for real-time networks

19. National GIS/Mapping Data and Metadata • Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) • Geodata.gov • shares GIS data, maps and online services • Searches metadata in the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) Clearinghouse • Develops framework, NSDI standards and training, projects • Geospatial One-Stop Portal and Geospatial Line of Business • National Map/National Atlas • State, County and Local Government Interest Pages • RITA/Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS) • Transportation layers/FGDC Transportation Subcommittee • National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD) • National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC) • Transportation For the Nation • Coordinate/develop nationally significant geospatial transportation data