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Introduction to Science: Asking Questions, Observing, and Using the Scientific Method

Learn about the nature of science, asking questions, observing the world, and using the scientific method to understand the causes of different events in nature. Discover the steps of the scientific method, from forming a hypothesis to analyzing data and forming conclusions. Explore the importance of replicating scientific work and the role of theories. Understand the universal language of science through the metric system. Uncover the ever-changing nature of scientific knowledge and the impact of science on human values and the environment.

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Introduction to Science: Asking Questions, Observing, and Using the Scientific Method

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  1. Chapter 1

  2. 1-1 What is Science? • Asking questions about the world is part of human nature • Different cultures try to answer these questions through myths and legends • Science – process where we try to arrange a series of observations or tests to learn what the causes of different events in nature is

  3. The Goal of Science • The goal of science is to understand the world around us • Language, history, art, music and philosophy also study the world around us • Difference – approach – scientific method

  4. 1.2 The Scientific Method • “organized common sense”

  5. Steps to the Scientific Method • Observing and stating the problem • Forming a hypothesis • Testing the hypothesis • Recording and analyzing the data • Forming a conclusion • Replicating the work

  6. Scientific method – curiosity (why?) and prove it attitude

  7. 1. Observing and stating the problem • Observation – leaves change color

  8. 2. Forming a hypothesis • Hypothesis – possible explanation, preliminary conclusion or even a guess about some event in nature

  9. 3. Testing the Hypothesis • Perform an experiment • Set-up

  10. Control • Part of an experiment that does not contain the variable

  11. Variable • Single factor that is isolated and tested in an experiment

  12. Independent Variable • Condition that is tested because it effects the outcome of an experiment • Ex. Amount of fertilizer

  13. Dependent Variable • The condition that results from changed in the independent variable • Ex. Growth rate of plants

  14. Experimental Set-up • Part of an experiment that contains that variable being tested

  15. 4. Recording and Analyzing Data • Data – perform experiment and record observations and information • Ex? • Arrangement?

  16. Quantitative Data • Numbers (Counts, measurements)

  17. Qualitative Data • Written descriptions - observations

  18. 5. Forming a conclusion • Data – does it support your hypothesis? • What now?

  19. 6. Replicating the work • Everyone has to be able to do it

  20. 7. Hypothesis and theories • Theory – when a hypothesis is tested and confirmed often enough that it is unlikely to be disproved by future tests • Powerful time tested concept that makes useful and dependable predictions about the natural world

  21. A Universal Language – The Metric System

  22. Science works best when everyone can understand it • Use the metric system

  23. Metric System • Decimal system based on certain standards and scaled on multiples of 10 • International System of Units • SI System

  24. Common Metric Units • Volume = amount of space an object takes up • Liquid – L • Solid – m3

  25. Length – • Mass – measure of the amount of matter in an object • Weight – a measure of the pull of gravity on the mass • Weight can change – mass never changes • Ex. Different planets

  26. Kilo – 1000 • Centi – 1/100 • Milli – 1/1000

  27. Temperature – • Water freezes at 0oC • Boils at 100oC • Body Temperature – 37oC • Room Temperature – 21oC

  28. 1.3 Science: “Facts” and “Truths”

  29. Scientific knowledge is a constantly changing body of observations • “scientific facts” of the past – some are no longer true • Fact = best explanation of the world around us that has been developed so far

  30. If a fact is found to be false  our knowledge has increased we have not failed

  31. How to study science • Arrange facts in groups – according to subjects • Science is a process – try to see the thinking behind the experiments

  32. Science and Human Values • Goal on science is to be objective • Does not happen – scientists are people too! • Can be misinterpreted or misapplied to prove a particular point

  33. Understanding decreases dangers posed by misinterpretation or misleading information • Ex. Nuclear Power, acid rain, chemical in food and water

  34. The Spaceship called Earth • Earth is beautiful when seen from space • Our species has rapidly developed the ability to change the earth much for the better and much for the worse • The earth is not a planet without end. It is more like a spaceship with a living cargo, carrying limited amounts of supplies • Pg 21 – last paragraph

  35. The End

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