Lesson: Preventive Health Programs

1. Lesson: Preventive Health Programs Unit – Veterinary Foundations Course – Veterinary Science Mr. Dieckhoff

2. Vaccinations • The Immune System • Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWMJIMzsEMg&p=40E41A9D4B85C861&index=31 • Vaccines Mimic the Real Disease

3. Vaccinations • Types • Killed – disease agent is dead (rabies), by heat or chemical • Advantages – do not replicate • Disadvantage – requires more disease agent, increased risk of allergic reactions • Modified Live – takes agent and changes it to be mild (attenuation – changing disease) • Advantages – replicate once in body, less antigen is required • Disadvantages – mild infection symptoms (fever), lethargic for 12-24 hours Inappropriate or too frequent use of a vaccine can be harmful

4. Vaccinations • Maternal Antibodies • Colostrum • Temporary (only 6-8 weeks) • Don’t vaccinate under 6 weeks old because clash with maternal antibodies • Very important to make sure mothers are up to date with vaccinations

5. Canine Diseases & Vaccinations • DHLPP (Distemper Booster or Distemper Combination) • Distemper • Hepatitis • Leptospirosis • Parainfluenza • Parvo • Corona (C or CV)

6. Distemper • Attacks Respiratory and Neurological Systems • Symptoms – • thick discharge from eye • High fever Leads to death Spread by raccoon, foxes, coyotes, other dogs

7. Hepatitis (Type 2) • Infectious Canine Hepatitis • Attacks liver and kidneys • Symptoms – • High Fever • Loss of appetite • Extreme Lethargy Leads to death

8. Leptospirosis • Microscopic corkscrew bacteria • Spread through urine • Common in rural areas around livestock • Symptoms – • Loss of apetite • Fever • Vomiting Leads to Death Vaccinate has large side effects

9. Parainfluenza • Attacks respiratory system • Combines with Bordetella • Contagious in poor air circulation • Symptoms – • Persistent cough

10. Parvo • Most commonly seen (especially in 1970s) • Attacks digestive system • Transmitted through stool • Symptoms – • Vomiting • Bloody diarrhea • Kills lining of small intestine

11. Corona (C or CV) • Mild case of Parvo • Symptoms • Diarrhea without blood

12. Rabies • Concentrates in saliva • Ends in brain (paralysis/death) • Transmitted by foxes, skunks, bats, coyotes • Symptoms – • Cannot swallow • Large amount of saliva • Aggressive temper

13. Bordetella (Kennel Cough) • Not deadly, but easily spread • Common in kennels, dog shows, groomers • Symptoms – • Deep cough Vaccines – injectable and intranasal

14. Lyme Disease • Transmitted by ticks • High in hunting dogs • Symptoms – • Fever • Lameness • Swollen Joints

15. Giardia • Protozoan found in stagnant water supplies • Symptoms – • Severe diarrhea • Rancid Odor

16. Cat Diseases and Vaccines • FVRCP (Cat distemper vaccine) • Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis • Calicivirus • Panleukopenia • Chlamydia (optional)

17. Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR) • Symptoms – • Sneezing • Discharge from eyes and nose Lifelong symptoms

18. Calicivirus • Cause oral ulcers • Symptoms – • Cold-like • Pneumonia

19. Panleukopenia • Feline distemper • Spread by water, urine, fleas • Symptoms – • Loss of appetite • Lethargy • Vomiting • Bloody diarrhea • Abortion

20. Chlamydia • Symptoms – • Severe eye infection • Sneezing

21. Rabies (RV) • Same as dogs

22. Feline Leukemia - FeLV • Inhibits immune system • Caused by facial contact • Symptoms will show secondary disease

23. Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) • Transmitted by fecal matter • Ascites (bloated) – fluid build up in belly • Given Intranaselly • Symptoms – • Fever • Weight Loss

24. Vaccine Schedules • Vaccinating a Puppy • Start 6-8 wks of age – physical exam, stool check, deworming, 1st puppy shot • Vaccine interval is usually every 3-4 weeks • Completion is 16 wks (newer vaccines 12 wks) • Vaccinating an Adult Dog • 2 distemper-parvo combination shots spaced 3-4 wks apart • Rabies start at 12-16 wks of age, repeat every 1-3 years • Vaccinating a Cat • 3-4 week interval • Start at 7-9 weeks of age • Finish kitten vaccines at 12-16 wks of age

25. Tips to Handling Vaccines • Always keep refrigerated • Always use new needles or syringes • Always reconstitute properly • Multi-dose vials should always be mixed prior to withdrawing • Follow Manufacturer’s guidelines • Never mix inappropriate vaccines • Do not administer multiple vaccines into the same area • Inject vaccine slowly • Rub injected area • Record type, brand, lot, and serial number of vaccination

26. Hearthworm Prevention • An infection of Dironfilaria Immitic • Spaghetti-like worm • Live in Blood Stream • Symptoms – • Coughing • Weigh-Loss • Labored Breathing • Spitting Up Blood • Death

27. Heartworm Prevention • See handout

28. Review Questions – 17 Pts • What are the bodies natural infection fighting molecules called? • Which type of vaccine is likely to stimulate a more pronounced immune response? • What is the typical age we can begin to vaccinate a puppy? • Why might a puppy vaccinated with a modified live virus be lethargic or sleepy for a day or so? • List a prominent symptom of each disease: • Distemper • Parvo • Rabies • Which vaccine is sometimes given intranasally to dogs? • How is Lyme disease spread from one dog to another? • Of all the dog diseases covered in this section, which ones are transmissible to people? • At what age can a kitten receive a rabies vaccination? • Which disease may cause young cats to get a bloated appearance? • How is the feline leukemia virus spread from cat to cat? • FIP, if given, is administered in what location? • Why do we often wait until 6 or 8 weeks of age before vaccinating a kitten or puppy? • How often should the puppy vaccinations be repeated during the initial vaccination series? • At what age do we attempt to conclude the puppy or kitten series? • If a puppy were not brought in until it was 9 weeks of age and it had never been vaccinated before, at what other ages would the puppy need to come back for additional boosters? • When is the rabies vaccination given to dogs? Cats?