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Development of an Interoperable G IS using Canonical Geospatial Concepts and Methods

Development of an Interoperable G IS using Canonical Geospatial Concepts and Methods. Sung-Gheel Jang ( sjang3@uiuc.edu ) Tschangho John Kim ( tjohnkim@uiuc.edu ) Regional Economics Applications Laboratory Expert Planning Information Systems Laboratory

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Development of an Interoperable G IS using Canonical Geospatial Concepts and Methods

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  1. Development of an Interoperable GIS using Canonical Geospatial Concepts and Methods Sung-Gheel Jang (sjang3@uiuc.edu) Tschangho John Kim (tjohnkim@uiuc.edu) Regional Economics Applications Laboratory Expert Planning Information Systems Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for the 2007 AAG Meeting, San Francisco

  2. Jang, S.-G. and Kim, T. J. (2006), “Modeling an Interoperable Multimodal Travel Guide System using the ISO 19100 Series of International Standards”. Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, November 10-11, 2006, Arlington, Va., Silvia Nittel and Rolf A. de By (eds.), ACM Press, pp. 115-122.

  3. Outline • Research Problem and Questions • Canonical Geospatial Concepts and Methods • Proposed Conceptual Modeling Process • Application – Multimodal Travel Guide Service • Implications to GIS Education

  4. We need to integrate information across multiple jurisdictions! NGOs State DOTs Decision Maker Planner Local Governments EPA EPA

  5. Research Questions • How can we have the systems share understanding on geospatial information and services unambiguously while operating effectively together? • How can we capture understanding in a formal and rigorous way? Interoperable GIS Need for an effective and rigorous conceptual framework

  6. Canonical Geospatial Concepts and Methods

  7. Canonical Model Approach Internationally Consensual Geospatial Concepts

  8. Standardization in the field of digital geographic information 30 International Standards have been published. ISO/TC 211 Geographic information/Geomatics

  9. The ISO 19100 Series of International Standards for Geographic Information ISO 19134 MultiModal Navigation and Routing ISO 19108 ISO 06709 ISO 00639 Human ISO 19103 Conceptual ISO 19107 Spatial Temporal Language Schema Language Schema ISO 19111 Spatial Referencing ISO 19109 Rules for ISO 19110 Feature ISO 19112 Location by ISO 19115 Application Schema Cataloging Identifier Metadata by Coordinates ISO 19115-2 ISO 19116 Positioning ISO 19117 ISO 19118 ISO 19119 Metadata - Imagery Services Portrayal Encoding Services ISO 19123 ISO 19126 Standard ISO 19128 Web ISO 19129 IGCD ISO 19130 Sensor and data models Coverages Profiles Map Services Framework for imagery and gridded data ISO 19131 Data Product ISO 19132 Location Based ISO 19133 Tracking Specification Services Reference Model and Navigation ISO 19135 Procedures ISO 19137 Generally ISO 19141 Moving for registration Used Profiles Features

  10. Meta-Meta level Concepts of feature and their properties Concepts in conceptual schema language Top-level ontology Meta level ISO 19100 standardized conceptual schemas Domain ontology The General Feature Model Model of conceptual schema language ISO 19100 standardized conceptual schemas ISO 19100 standardized conceptual schemas Application level Feature Type definitions Application schema Application ontology Data level Geographic Dataset Semantically Coherent Modeling Processes

  11. Universe of Discourse (e.g. Geographic domain, Transportation domain, etc.) perceived by Domain Experts (e.g. ISO/TC 211, ISO/TC 204, etc.) formally represented in ISO 19100 Standardized Conceptual Schemas ISO 19100 Standardized Conceptual Schemas Canonical Geospatial Concepts/ Methods (e.g. ISO 19100 series) perceived by employed by used in (and/or) extended in Domain Experts (e.g. Transportation planner) formally represented in Application Data Model (e.g. MTGS) Proposed Conceptual Modeling Process

  12. Intelligent Concierge Service – Multimodal Travel Guide Service (MTGS) Home Office

  13. Distributed, Heterogeneous, and Autonomously Maintained Geospatial Information Taxi Company Transit Authority Multimodal Travel Guide Service Traffic Information Provider Point of Interests Information Provider User

  14. Meta-Meta level Concepts of feature and their properties Concepts in conceptual schema language Meta level ISO 19100 standardized conceptual schemas The General Feature Model Model of conceptual schema language ISO 19100 standardized conceptual schemas ISO 19100 standardized conceptual schemas Application level Feature Type definitions Application schema Data level Geographic Dataset Conceptual Modeling Processes • Adopting meta-model of Unified Modeling Language (UML) and creating a UML profile • ISO/TS 19103 Conceptual schema language • Expressing Concepts using ISO 19103 • ISO 19107 Spatial schema • By inheriting TP_Complex in ISO 19107 • By inheriting NT_Network in ISO 19133 • By combining MM_SingleModeNetwork in ISO 19134 • How can we model Multimodal Network for MTGS? (Application Level Data Model)

  15. MTGS Application Data Model (Part)

  16. MTGS Application Data Model (Part) From ISO 19134

  17. MTGS Application Data Model in XMI UML Application Data Model GML Application Data Model GML: Geography Markup Language

  18. Route Request Information UML GML Instance Representation <mtgs:MTGS_RouteRequest> <mtgs:routeRequestType> mtgs:NS_RouteRequestTypeType </mtgs:routeRequestType> [1..*] <mtgs:transportationMode> mtgs:MM_TransportationModeTypeType </mtgs:transportationMode> [1..*] <mtgs:wayPointList> mtgs:MTGS_WayPointListPropertyType </mtgs:wayPointList> [1] <mtgs:departureTime> gml:TimePeriodPropertyType </mtgs:departureTime> [0..1] <mtgs:arrivalTime> gml:TimePeriodPropertyType </mtgs:arrivalTime> [0..1] <mtgs:costFunction> mtgs:NS_CostFunctionCodeType </mtgs:costFunction> [0..1] <mtgs:preferences> mtgs:NS_RoutePreferencesType </mtgs:preferences> [0..*] <mtgs:returnRouteInstructions> boolean </mtgs:returnRouteInstructions> [1] <mtgs:returnRouteGeometry> boolean </mtgs:returnRouteGeometry> [1] </mtgs:MTGS_RouteRequest>

  19. Route Response Information UML GML Instance Representation <mtgs:MTGS_RouteResponse> <mtgs:request> mtgs:MTGS_RouteRequestPropertyType </mtgs:request> [1..*] <mtgs:route> mtgs:MTGS_RoutePropertyType </mtgs:route> [0..*] <mtgs:instructionList> mtgs:MTGS_InstructionListPropertyType </mtgs:instructionList> [0..*] </mtgs:MTGS_RouteResponse>

  20. MTGS Route (UML)

  21. MTGS Route Represented by GML Instances GML Instance Representation <mtgs:MTGS_Route> <gml:metaDataProperty> ... </gml:metaDataProperty> [0..*] <gml:description> ... </gml:description> [0..1] <gml:name> ... </gml:name> [0..*] <gml:boundedBy> ... </gml:boundedBy> [0..1] <mtgs:maximalComplex> gml:TopoComplexMemberType </mtgs:maximalComplex> [1] <mtgs:subComplex> gml:TopoComplexMemberType </mtgs:subComplex> [1..*] <mtgs:superComplex> gml:TopoComplexMemberType </mtgs:superComplex> [1..*] <mtgs:element> mtgs:MM_SingleModeJunctionPropertyType </mtgs:element> [1..*] <mtgs:geometry> [1] <gml:CompositeCurve> ... </gml:CompositeCurve> [0..1] </mtgs:geometry> <mtgs:link> mtgs:MM_SingleModeLinkPropertyType </mtgs:link> [0..*] <mtgs:turn> mtgs:MM_SingleModeTurnPropertyType </mtgs:turn> [0..*] <mtgs:mode> mtgs:MM_TransportationModeTypeType </mtgs:mode> [1] <mtgs:summary> mtgs:MTGS_RouteSummaryPropertyType </mtgs:summary> [1] <mtgs:tripScheme> mtgs:MTGS_TripSchemePropertyType </mtgs:tripScheme> [1..*] <mtgs:maneuver> mtgs:MTGS_ManeuverPropertyType </mtgs:maneuver> [1..*] </mtgs:MTGS_Route>

  22. Routing Engine MTGS Manager WFS Client Interface Extended WFS Interface Data Store System Architecture of MTGS Multimodal Travel Guide System (MTGS) WFS Participating System A GetGMLObject( ) MTGS GML Instances Business Logics e.g. Transit Authority Data Integrator/ Optimizer integrate Request Response filter query write read return GetGMLObject( ) refer GML Parser query MTGS GML Instances Participating System B WFS return Request / Response e.g. Traffic Information refer GetRoute() via the WFS interface B C Route Response (MTGS GML Instance) MTGS Clients MTGS Application Schemas Local Schema WFS: Web Feature Service Translator

  23. Fetching the component networks from the participating systems

  24. Interoperable GIS Taxi Company Transit Authority Multimodal Travel Guide Service Traffic Information Provider Point of Interests Information Provider User

  25. Multimodal Travel Guide Service (MTGS) Home Office

  26. Now – Different formats and standards Different Semantics Proprietary Software Decision Maker Planner Versions of Software Data Structures

  27. Interoperable Geospatial Information Processing NGOs State DOTs Decision Maker Planner Local Governments EPA EPA

  28. Implications to GIS Education • GIS standards as cross-cutting theme in GIS education: GIS & T Body of Knowledge (UCGIS 2006) • scale; error and data quality; uncertainty; metadata; interoperability; generalization; quality measurement; history and trends; and standards • Model curricula of UCGIS includes GD12 – Metadata, standards, and infrastructure • Not enough to keep up the fast changes of GIS & T

  29. Formalizing methods for the concepts of geographic information Reference model (ISO 19101, ISO 19132) Conceptual schema language (ISO/TS 19103), UML Rules of application schema (ISO 19109) Formal concepts of geographic information Spatial schema (ISO 19107, ISO 19137) Temporal schema (ISO 19108) Metadata (ISO 19115) Imagery and gridded data (ISO/TR 19121) Coverage geometry and functions (ISO 19123) Location based services (ISO 19133, ISO 19134) Moving features (ISO 19141) Cataloguing methods Methodology for feature cataloguing (ISO 19107) OpenGIS Catalogue Service (OGC 04-021r3) Web-based GIS Web Map Service (ISO 19128) Web Feature Service (ISO 19142, OGC 04-094) Filter encoding (ISO 19143, OGC 04-095) Web Coverage Service (OGC 03-065r6) Web Service Common (OGC 05-008c1) Geography Markup Language (ISO 19136, OGC 02-023r4) Four Recommendable Areas in GIS Education

  30. Thank you for your attention! • Any questions or suggestions? e-mail: sjang3@uiuc.edu

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