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Waves

Waves. Part 1 Basics. Waves Themes. These are some of the areas of interest that involve waves Sight and vision Sound and hearing Communications Medicine Cooking astronomy And more…………. Microwave Radar Mobile TV Radio CD Music Satellite . X-rays Ultrasound Gamma-rays

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Waves

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  1. Waves Part 1 Basics

  2. WavesThemes These are some of the areas of interest that involve waves • Sight and vision • Sound and hearing • Communications • Medicine • Cooking • astronomy And more…………

  3. Microwave Radar Mobile TV Radio CD Music Satellite X-rays Ultrasound Gamma-rays Fibre optics Remote control ….. ….. The uses of waves

  4. WavesThe characteristics of waves Waves are • Regular patterns of disturbance • Made by vibrations They • Transmit energy • Do not transmit matter

  5. Transverse (b) on a rope on the surface of water light Longitudinal (a) in a spring Sound WavesThe two main types longitudinal transverse

  6. WavesTransverse particle motion The particles move at right angles to wave motion.

  7. WavesLongitudinal The particles move in the same direction as the wave motion

  8. Waves Terms – wavelength - longitudinal Compression (C) – rarefaction (R) λ =wavelength CRCRCR

  9. Waves Terms – wavelength - transverse Crest (C) –Trough (T) λ =wavelength C C C T T

  10. WavesTerms – wavelength Wavelength The distance between two consecutive • Crests or troughs • Compressions or rarefactions

  11. WavesTerms – amplitude - longitudinal Amplitude The maximum (biggest) disturbance or displacement.

  12. WavesTerms - frequency Frequency The number of waves made or passing by in 1 second Unit – Hertz (Hz)

  13. WavesTerms - speed Speed The distance a wave travels in one second. start 1 second later

  14. WavesSymbols and units

  15. WavesFormula s,v or c -speed w or λ – wavelength s f λ

  16. Waves on water

  17. WavesTransverse waves on water – a side view Direction of travel Particle motion – not 100% correct!

  18. WavesTransverse waves on water – from above = wave motion = crest = source Waves travelling out from the source

  19. Waves spreading The previous slides show waves moving along a line. Waves can spread out moving • across the surface of the sea ( 2 dimensions) • or through space ( 3 dimensions)

  20. Light Transmits energy Transverse Does not need a medium – can travel through empty space Sound Transmits energy Longitudinal Needs a medium – solid – liquid - gas WavesLight and sound

  21. WavesReflection -sound • Sound is reflected when it meets a boundary between two materials – air/brick. • Reflected sound can produce an echo.

  22. Echo - reflection

  23. WavesReflection – spring waves Waves can be reflected at the fixed end of a spring.

  24. WavesReflection - light • Light is reflected when it meets a boundary between two materials – air/mirror – air/paper. • Light reflected by a mirror produces an image.

  25. WavesReflection – light - diagrams Reflection by a plane mirror

  26. WavesReflection – water waves - diagrams Water waves are reflected by barriers

  27. WavesRefraction - light Light is refracted when it moves from one medium to another – air/water – air/glass.

  28. WavesRefraction – light - diagrams There is some reflection as well.

  29. WavesRefraction- water waves – diagrams -1 When water waves pass from deep water to shallow water they slow down. The wavelength decreases . deep -fast shallow-slow

  30. WavesRefraction- water waves – diagrams -2 deep shallow The direction changes as well – this is refraction

  31. WavesDiffraction Waves spread when they • pass through a gap • go past an obstacle

  32. WavesDiffraction – narrow slit Narrow slit – more diffraction

  33. WavesDiffraction – wide slit Wide slit – less diffraction

  34. WavesDiffraction – past an obstacle -1 Short radio waves – less diffraction No reception Radio transmitter

  35. WavesDiffraction – past an obstacle -2 Long radio waves – more diffraction reception Radio transmitter

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