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Alcohols

Alcohols. Alcohols have the function group –OH General formula: C n H 2n+1 OH or C n H 2n+2 O. Classification of alcohols. Primary alcohols – the C atom with the OH group attached is attached to only one other C atom (OH on one end) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH.

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Alcohols

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  1. Alcohols • Alcohols have the function group–OH • General formula: CnH2n+1OH • or CnH2n+2O 12 Chemistry 2.5 organic chemistry CR 07

  2. Classification of alcohols • Primary alcohols – the C atom with the OH group attached is attached to only oneother C atom (OH on one end) • CH3CH2CH2CH2OH 12 Chemistry 2.5 organic chemistry CR 07

  3. Secondary alcohol: the C atom with the OH group attached is attached to two other C atoms • CH3CH2CHOHCH3 • Tertiary alcohol: the C atom with the OH group attached is attached to three other C atoms • CH3CH2C(CH3)OHCH3 12 Chemistry 2.5 organic chemistry CR 07

  4. Properties of alcohols • M - MP and BP • Short chain alcohols are miscible with water due to the polar OH group but longer chain alcohols are not miscible with water 12 Chemistry 2.5 organic chemistry CR 07

  5. Combustion – undergo complete and incomplete combustion • Oxidation of alcohols: • 10 alcohol  aldehyde  carboxylic acid O O • CH3CH2OHCH3C –HCH3C-OH • Aldehyde step very quick 12 Chemistry 2.5 organic chemistry CR 07

  6. Oxidation of alcohols • 20 alcohols  ketones 13 • 30 alcohols  not oxidised Chem • Oxidant: • Cr2O7- (orange)Cr3+ (green) 12 Chemistry 2.5 organic chemistry CR 07

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