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Christopher Columbus 1451-1506

Christopher Columbus 1451-1506. Early Spanish Voyages in the Caribbean. Columbus’ log Oct. 28, 1492.

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Christopher Columbus 1451-1506

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  1. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506

  2. Early Spanish Voyages in the Caribbean

  3. Columbus’ log Oct. 28, 1492 “This island is the most beautiful that eyes have ever seen. It has many good harbors and deep rivers, and it seems that the seas are never rough, because the vegetation on the shore grows almost to the sea’s edge…. The Indians said that there are gold fields and pearls in the island, and the Admiral saw that it was a likely place for pearls, since there were mussels, which are a sign of them. The Admiral understood that the Grand Khan’s ships come there and that they are large and that the mainland is a ten days’ journey away.”

  4. Encomienda Conquistadors (encomenderos) entrusted with a group of indigenous people, along with land for them to work (mines, fields). Their obligation: labor or tribute payment His obligation: religious instruction for natives

  5. Decline of indigenous populations • disease & military conquest • overwork for encomenderos • reduction of land & labor for food cultivation • overgrazing and diminished soil fertility All adding to disease vulnerability Childbearing may also have declined, due to illness and despair

  6. Early Spanish Voyages in the Caribbean

  7. Topics for today • Cortes and Aztec conquest, 1519-1521 • Pizarro and Incan conquest, 1530s • Continued Spanish incursion into peripheral areas—search for El Dorado

  8. Early Spanish Voyages in the Caribbean

  9. Aztec Empire, 1519

  10. Cortes on Tlaxcalans “The city is so big and so remarkable [as to be] almost unbelievable, for it is much larger than Granada and very much stronger, with as good buildings and many more people than Granada had when it was taken, and very much better supplied with the produce of the land, namely bread, fowl and game and fresh-water fish and vegetables and other things they eat which are very good. There is in this city a market where each and every day upward of 30,000 people come to buy and sell, without counting the other trade which goes on elsewhere in the city.”

  11. Portrayal of TenochtitlanAztec capital

  12. Fall of Tenochtitlan We are crushed to the ground; we lie in ruins. There is nothing but grief and suffering in Mexico and Tlatelolco, where once we saw beauty and valor. Have you grown weary of your servants? Are you angry with your servants, O Giver of Life?

  13. Conquest of Inca 1520s smallpox and civil war among Inca 1532 F. Pizarro ambushed Atahualpa & men Spaniards gained substantial gold 1533 Pizarro executed Atahualpa 1536 Manco Inca attacked Spanish 1541 Pizarro executed by Spanish rival 1540s new viceroy focused on mining 1572 last Inca, Tupac Amaru, executed

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