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Social Security: Challenges & Opportunities

Understand the problems within Social Security, explore available solutions like personal accounts, and the role of various approaches in restoring fiscal balance. Learn about the implications of different strategies for benefit growth, tax increases, and the economic impact of reform proposals.

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Social Security: Challenges & Opportunities

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  1. Social Security: Challenges & Opportunities Jeffrey R. Brown January 13, 2005

  2. Outline • What is the problem? • What solutions are available? • Approaches that do not solve the problem • Approaches that do solve the problem • The role of personal accounts

  3. 16 in 1950 5 in 1960 3.3 today 2.0 in 2040

  4. CASH DEFICITS

  5. Options for Restoring Fiscal Balance • On pay-as-you-go basis • Increase taxes • Reduce benefits (or benefit growth) • Pre-fund • Save more today to reduce future burden • Trust Funds vs. Personal Accounts

  6. Four Different Approaches Two that do NOT restore fiscal balance • The “Do Nothing” approach • The “Free Lunch” approach Two that DO restore fiscal balance • Reduce benefit growth (President’s Commission) • Increase taxes (Diamond-Orszag)

  7. The “Ostrich Strategy,” aka,The “Do Nothing” Plan • “There is no problem” • “No immediate danger” • “We can grow our way out” • “The forecasts are unreliable” • “Minor tweaks will solve it”

  8. The “Free Lunch” Plan • “The higher return on stocks will save the system” • “No cuts in benefit growth are necessary” • “We can guarantee present law benefits with no new revenue” Free

  9. Slowing Benefit Growth: The President’s Commission • Don’t touch benefits of today’s seniors • Price index future starting benefits • Future retirees would get at least as much as today’s retirees, adjusted for inflation • Puts system on permanently sustainable path within existing payroll tax rates

  10. Raising Taxes: Diamond-Orszag • Reduce benefit growth • Longevity indexing • Increase taxes • Tax rate increase for longevity • Increase maximum earnings subject to tax • “Universal legacy charge,” aka, tax increase • “Legacy tax above earnings cap” • Tax increases account for approximately 85% of improvement in actuarial balance

  11. Cost of D-O versus Current Law(as % of GDP)

  12. CBO Estimates of Economic Impact(as of 2080 relative to TF financed baseline) • President’s Commission Plan would: • Increase GDP by 3 – 4% • Increase national wealth by10 – 12% • (Minimal effect on labor supply) • Diamond-Orszag Plan would: • Reduce GDP by 1.5% • Lower national capital stock by 0.8% - 1.4% • Reduce labor supply by 1.8 – 1.9%

  13. Why Personal Accounts? • Provide opportunity for ALL Americans to participate in financial markets and build wealth • Improve work incentives • Provider superior mechanism for the country to save for the future and reduce future burden

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