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Ch 22 Part 2

Ch 22 Part 2. Phylum Pinophyta – The Conifers. Other Conifers: Yew ( Taxus ) and California nutmeg ( Torreya ) produce ovules singly at tips of shoots. Each ovule at least partially surrounded by fleshy, cuplike aril . Southern hemisphere conifer - Podocarpus

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Ch 22 Part 2

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  1. Ch 22 Part 2

  2. Phylum Pinophyta – The Conifers • Other Conifers: • Yew (Taxus) and California nutmeg (Torreya) produce ovules singly at tips of shoots. • Each ovule at least partially surrounded by fleshy, cuplike aril. • Southern hemisphere conifer - Podocarpus • Fleshy-coated seeds with large appendage at base • Junipers - Seed cones fleshy. Taxus Podocarpus

  3. Other Gymnosperms • Phylum Ginkgophyta – Ginkgo (maidenhair trees) • Only one living species • Only exists in cultivation • Notched, broad, fan-shaped leaves • Leaves on short, slow-growing spurs. • No midrib or prominent veins • Hair-like veins branch dichotomously. • Deciduous

  4. Other Gymnosperms • Phylum Ginkgophyta • Life cycle similar to pines. • Dioecious - Male and female structures on separate trees. • Seeds enclosed in fleshy seed coat with nauseating odor. Seeds and leaves Male strobili

  5. Other Gymnosperms • Phylum Cycadophyta – The Cycads • Slow-growing plants of tropics and subtropics • Tall unbranched trunks • Crown of large pinnately divided leaves • Life cycle similar to conifers. • Pollination sometimes by beetles. • Dioecious • Has pollen and seed strobili Male cycad Female cycad

  6. Other Gymnosperms Part of plant • Phylum Gnetophyta – The Gnetophytes • Unique among the gymnosperms in having vessels in the xylem. • Joint firs (Ephedra) - Shrubby plants of drier regions of southwestern North America Male strobili Female strobilus Ephedra

  7. Other Gymnosperms • Phylum Gnetophyta – The Gnetophytes • Gnetum - Vine-like plants with broad leaves • In tropics

  8. Other Gymnosperms • Phylum Gnetophyta – The Gnetophytes • Welwitschia - Only one species, confined to deserts of southwestern Africa • Short stem • Long taproot • Only two straplike leaves that become tattered and split • Dioecious • Has male and female strobili

  9. Human Relevance of Gymnosperms • Conifers • Edible inner bark and needles of white pine, and seeds of nearly all pines • Masts in sailing vessels • Crates, boxes, matchsticks, furniture • Telephone poles, railroad ties, mine timbers • Turpentine and rosin (both from resin) • Fuel • Pulpwood • Construction lumber • Ornamentals • Pharmaceuticals (taxol for ovarian cancer from yew trees)

  10. Human Relevance of Gymnosperms • Other Gymnosperms • Ginkgo: • Seeds for food (after seed coat removal) • Ginkgo extracts to increase blood circulation • Ephedra - Mormon tea • Drug ephedrine for respiratory problems from a Chinese species

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