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Introduction to Pneumatics

Introduction to Pneumatics. Module -1 . Module Objectives. Identify the common uses of pneumatic systems. Identify the main advantages of a pneumatic system. Identify the main disadvantages of a pneumatic system. Understand how to construct a pneumatic circuit.

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Introduction to Pneumatics

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  1. Introduction to Pneumatics Module -1

  2. Module Objectives • Identify the common uses of pneumatic systems. • Identify the main advantages of a pneumatic system. • Identify the main disadvantages of a pneumatic system. • Understand how to construct a pneumatic circuit. • Explain the structure and signal flow of a pneumatic system. • Explain the meaning of Pascal’s law. • Calculate the force exerted by a pneumatic cylinder.

  3. Warm Up Watch these Videos ….

  4. What does the word Pneumatics mean? Pneumatics comes from the Greek word pneuma, which means 'breath or wind'. It is basically the use of under pressure gas that helps in performing a certain work in science and technology. • Pneumatics is the transmission and control of forces and movements by means of compressed air.

  5. What is Fluid Power? Fluid power is the energy transmitted and controlled by means of a pressurized fluid, either liquid or gas. The term fluid power applies to both hydraulics and pneumatics. Hydraulics use liquids (oil or water) under pressure while pneumatics use compressed air or other neutral gases.

  6. Applications of Pneumatics Dismantle an automobile tire A heavy duty pneumatic jackhammer Automobile painting Fill the tire with compressed air to adjust the tire pressure. Filling machine A dental drill

  7. Applications of Pneumatics • Industrial Applications • Material handling • Clamping • Shifting • Positioning • Branching of material flow • Packaging • Filling • Transfer of materials • Sorting of parts • Stamping and embossing of components • Industrial Processes • Drilling • Turning • Milling • Sawing • Finishing • Forming

  8. Advantages and disadvantages of pneumatics: • Disadvantages : • Preparation: Compressed air requires good preparation. Dirt and condensates should be removed. • Speed: As air is compressible; it is difficult to achieve uniform and constant piston speed. • Force requirement: Low forces compared to Hydraulics. • Noisy operation: The exhaust air is loud (noise). This problem is solved due to the development of sound absorption material and silencers. • Advantages: • Availability • Transport • Storage • Temperature • Cleanliness • The running cost is relatively inexpensive • Speed: Compressed air is a very fast working medium. • Overload safe

  9. Structure and signal flow of pneumatic systems Pneumatic systems consist of an interconnection of different groups of elements. These groups of elements form a control path for signal flow, starting from the signal section (input) through to the actuating section (output).

  10. Practical example of Pneumatic control elements

  11. Pascal’s Law “The pressure in a confined fluid is transmitted equally to the whole surface of its container” Accordingly, the pressure at any point in a body of fluid is the same in any direction Where: P is the pressure in Pascal (Pa) F is the force in Newton (N) A is the cross sectional area in m2 Notes: 1 bar = 100000 Pa 1 Kg = 10 N 1 m2 = 10000 cm2

  12. Example F = P × A F = (6 × 100000) × 0.03 = 18000 N = 1800 Kg Calculate the Extension force of the pneumatic cylinder If you are given the following: Piston area (A) = 0.03 m2 Pressure (P) = 6 bar

  13. Further Reading: • www.Fest-didactic.com • http://www.eng2all.com/vb/t28932.html • http://www.logiclab.hu/lesson.php?fe=2

  14. Class Work:Solve the Review questions at the end of the module individually …

  15. H.W.Worksheet 1 found on my WeeblyDue date:

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