Mentionable Monarchs

1. Honors World History Mentionable Monarchs

2. 1 Control Your Armies • They are enforcers of your law • People will obey you • By the 1600’s there aren’t anymore noblemen, armor, knights. Just peasants w/new fire arms • 2. Officially Collect Taxes • Nobles and soldiers • 3. Efficient Bureaucracy • Bureaucracy- have to hire people that know what they’re doing. This creates a class of professionals, better bureaucrats. • 4. Control of the Nobility • Neutralize their power • 5. Control of the Church • Control of the Church, more worldly control Monarch To-Do List

3. Spain Absolute Monarch When Charles became king of Spain, he inherited the Low Countries of Belgium and the Netherlands, along with colonies in the Americas. 1519 Became head of the Holy Roman Empire, acquiring Italy, Austria, various German states Attempted to crush Protestantism Charles V: Monarch or Absolute Monarch?

4. Spain • Absolute Monarch • Insisted on approving every decision himself • Sought to make all of his territories Roman Catholic • Sent the Duke of Alba set up the Court of Blood • Tortured, executed thousands suspected of being rebels • Revolt dragged on for decades • Invaded England (Spanish Armada) • To stop English from raiding Spanish ships • Also to enforce Catholicism in England Philip II: Monarch or Absolute Monarch?

5. France • Monarch • Had control of his armies, that’s how he was able to become the king of France • He was able to gain acceptance from France by converting from Protestantism to Catholicism • Henry issued the Edict of Nantes • Eliminated France’s debt and was able to build a surplus • All in ten years Henry IV: Monarch or Absolute Monarch?

6. France • Absolute Monarch- “I am the state” • Control of Religion- Evokes Edict of Nantes, crushes Huguenots • Demanded to be in charge of the: • Military • Political Affairs • Versailles • Economic Affairs • Being in control of all of these areas deprived the nobility of influence Louis XIV: Monarch or Absolute Monarch?

7. Enlarged his army from 70,000 to 200,000 • Went to war 4 times • Surrounded himself with a bureaucracy • Treasurer – Jean-Baptiste Colbert Louis XIV continued

8. England • O0o0o0o0o0o0o0o tough one • More likely to be defined as an absolute monarch • Had control over his armies and the religion of his state because he was reason for the English Reformation • Wanted to make England independent of the pope and increase his personal power • Yet still had to work with parliament when he needed money or even to pass the Act of Supremacy Henry VIII: Monarch or Absolute Monarch?

9. England • Monarch • More likely to be considered a monarch because of her willingness to work w/Parliament • Called into session 10 times during her 45 years reign • Returned England to Anglican, English Protestant • Didn’t want to share her power with a king so she refused to marry Elizabeth I: Monarch or Absolute Monarch?

10. England • Monarch • Believed firmly in divine right • James I constantly conflicted with Parliament • Wouldn’t pass most of the Puritans (wanted to “purify” the English Church) requests, he saw them as a threat • He was the one that united the crowns of Scotland and England • Son of Mary Queen of Scots, who Elizabeth killed James I: Monarch or Absolute Monarch?

11. England Monarch Unlike his father, who attacked parliament and caused the English Civil War Supported religious toleration for Catholics Reintroduced some of the things Crowell deemed “distractions” Charles II: Monarch or Absolute Monarch?

12. England Absolute Monarch Control of armies- Roundheads, how he rose to power Named himself Lord Protector of England Surrounded himself with “alike thinkers” Rump Parliament and abolished House of Lords Enforced religious unity and restrictions Oliver Cromwell: Monarch or Absolute Monarch?

13. Austria • Monarch • Army and Nobility: She did preserve the empire and win the support of most of her people • Bureaucracy: She strengthened Hapsburg power by reorganizing the bureaucracy • Taxes: Improved tax collection • * mother to Marie Antoinette Maria Theresa: Monarch or Absolute Monarch?

14. Prussia • Absolute Monarch • Control of his armies: • Expanding territory (Silesia of Austria) • Entered the War of Austrian Succession against Maria Theresa with Spain, France and two German states on his side. • Won the Seven Years War and emerged the most powerful military leader in Europe Frederick II: Monarch or Absolute Monarch?

15. Russia • Absolute Monarch • Husband became Czar Peter III but Catherine and many nobles grew angry at his incompetent, weak rule so Catherine seized power and was declared czarina of Russia • westernization • Reformed legal, education systems • Faced war in Poland, where people wanted freedom from Russian influence • Eventually won war, took over half of Poland, territory on Black Sea • Man claiming to be Peter III traveled countryside, leading ragtag army • man captured, beheaded, rebellion put down Catherine the Great: Monarch or Absolute Monarch

16. Russia • Absolute Monarch • Promoted officials based on service instead of their social status • Westernization • Brought the Church under state control • Control of his armies • Expanded land: acquired St. Petersburg • Some of the military corps wanted to put his sister back on the thrown so he had all of them executed • Expanded Navy, built hundreds of ships Peter the Great: Monarch or Absolute Monarch?