Presented by: David E. Harris Jr. General Manager, Transportation Services

1. Reducing Air Emissions from Transportation and ConstructionWhat Boston-Area Universities and Colleges Can Do--- Presented by: David E. Harris Jr. General Manager, Transportation Services Carl A. Tempesta Operations Manager, Transportation Services

2. Why Should We Use Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFV’s)? Global Warming - Rising sea level, drought, tropical disease, extinction, famine, flooding, …. Air Pollution - Smog, asthma, bronchitis, acid rain, cancer, ….

3. Why Use Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFV’s)? Urban Air Pollution Vehicular emissions are a major source of air pollutants, including: • nitrous oxides (NOx) • hydrocarbons (VOCs) • particulate matter (Pm) • carbon monoxide (CO) • sulfur dioxide (SO2)

4. Why Use Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFV’s)? • Voluntary and Non-Regulated Approach • Town Gown---Cambridge/Boston • Supports the Mission of Harvard’s Green Campus Initiative • “A Vision of Harvard University becoming a global leader in addressing the most important issue of our times: the global environmental imperative.” • It’s Fun!

5. What are the Options? Gasoline Diesel/ ULSD Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Fossil Fuels Biomass Ethanol Biodiesel Any Source Electricity /Hydrogen Fuel Cells

6. EPA Verified Retrofit Technologies Manuf. Technology Applicability Reductions (%) PM CO NOx HC Caterpillar, Inc Catalyzed Converter/Muffler (CCM) Highway, heavy and medium-heavy duty, 4-cycle, non-EGR, year 1998 - 2003, 20 20 na 40 Clean Diesel Technologies Platinum Plus Purifier System Highway, medium-heavy and heavy- heavy duty, 4 cycle, , turbocharged 25 to 50 16 to 50 0 to 5 40 to 50 Engelhard DPX Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter Highway, heavy-duty, 4 cycle, 60 60 n/a 60 Engine Control Systems Purifilter - Diesel Particulate Filter Highway: Heavy Medium Heavy-Duty; Urban Bus; 4 cycle; 90 75 n/a 85 Johnson Mathey Catalyzed Contin. Regen. Tec (CCRT) Particulate Filter Highway, heavy-heavy, medium-. 60 60 n/a 60 Lubrizol       PuriNOx Water emulsion fuel Heavy Duty, Highway & Non-road, 16- 58 33 to 35 9 to 20 30 to -120 Various Biodiesel(1 to 100%) Heavy Duty, Highway, 2 & 4 cycle 47 1- 47 1 to -10 1 to 67 Various Cetane Enhancers Heavy Duty, Highway, 4 cycle, n/a n/a 0 to 5 n/a * Total PM reduction figures reflect reductions from both tailpipe and crankcase emissions. These effectiveness figures are provisional values subject to change pending final review of the test data.

7. Barriers to Implementation • Entry Cost • Return on Investment • Regulations- City/Local/State • Overcoming doubts/questions about technology • Availability of Solution/Technology

8. What Have We Learned? Data from www.biodiesel.org

9. What Have We Learned? BioDiesel Can Be Used in Multiple Types of Equipment Chevrolet Duramax Volvo LD50 TopKick w/ CAT 3208

10. Harvard Equipment Powered by Biodiesel

11. What Have We Learned? • Positive Feedback from Community and Peers • It really does smell better! • Biodiesel does perform well in Cold Weather! • Engine warranties are not at risk • Limited suppliers • Cost benefits to on-site fueling • On-going Analysis—Oil testing, Emissions, Vehicle maintenance

12. Thank You for Attending! Contact Information david _ harris _ jr @ harvard.edu 175 North Harvard St. Boston, MA 02134 Telephone: 617.496.5916 www.uos.harvard.edu

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