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GAS LAWS

GAS LAWS. Kinetic Theory All matter is made up of small particles. The particles are in constant motion. The collisions between particles are elastic. GAS LAWS. Gas is described in three quantities Temperature (K) Volume (m 3 ) (l) (cc) Pressure (Pa) (N/m 2 ) (torr) (mm of mercury).

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GAS LAWS

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  1. GAS LAWS • Kinetic Theory • All matter is made up of small particles. • The particles are in constant motion. • The collisions between particles are elastic

  2. GAS LAWS • Gas is described in three quantities • Temperature (K) • Volume (m3) (l) (cc) • Pressure (Pa) (N/m2) (torr) (mm of mercury) Pressure is defined as force per unit area P = F/A = N/m2

  3. Gas Laws • Standard Atmospheric Pressure - The atmospheric pressure at sea level • 1 Atmosphere • 101 kPa • 1.01 x 105 Pa • 760 mm • 760 torr • 14 lb/in2

  4. Gas Laws Barometer- A device for measuring the pressure of the atmosphere.

  5. Gas Laws • Boyle’s Law- The volume occupied by a gas varies inversely with the applied pressure at constant temperature. • Inverse Proportion - As the pressure increases, the volume decreases. As the pressure decreases, the volume increases

  6. Volume Vs Pressure (10,225) (20, 112.5) (30,75) (50,45) (70,32)

  7. Gas Laws • Charles’ Law - All gases expand at the same amount for a given temperature change at constant pressure. • Direct Proportion - As the temperature increases, the volume increases. As the temperature decreases, the volume decreases.

  8. Gas Laws • Charles’ Law established: • Absolute zero 0 K = -273°C, A theoretical value where the gas has no volume. • V1/V2 = T1/T2 All values for temperature must be in Kelvin.

  9. (200,1.73) (150,1.55) (100,1.37) (50,1.18)

  10. Gas Laws Combined Gas Law If the pressure is constant If the volume is constant If the temperature is constant

  11. Gas Laws A gas tank has 13 liters of gas at -10°C. How much gas will be in the tank at 30° C? V1 = 13 l T1 = -10°C = 263 K T2 = 30° C = 303 K V1/V2 = T1/T2 V2 =V1T2/T1 V2 =(13 l)(303 K)/(263 K) V2 =15 l

  12. Gas Laws The air pressure of a truck tire is 30 lb/in2 at -3º C. What will the Air pressure be at 27 °C? P1 = 30 lb/in2+14.7 lb/in2 T1 = -3°C = 270 K T2 = 27° C = 300 K P1/P2 = T1/T2 P2 =P1T2/T1 P2 =(45 lb/in2)(300 K)/(270 K) P2 =35 lb/in2 P2 =50 lb/in2

  13. Gas Laws A 20 liter sample of argon at 273 K is at atmospheric pressure. The temperature is lowered to 77 K, while the pressure is increased to 145 kPa. What is the new volume of the gas? P1 = 101 kPa V1 = 20 L T1 = 273 K T2 = 77 K P2 = 145 kPa

  14. Gas Laws A tank of helium gas used to inflate toy balloons is at 15.5 x 106 Pa pressure at 293 K and has a volume of 0.020 m3. How large of a balloon would it fill at a pressure of 1 atmosphere and 323 k? P1 = 1.55 x 107 Pa V1 = 0.020 m3 T1 = 293 K T2 = 323 K P2 = 1 atm = 1.01 x 105 Pa V2= 3.4 m3

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