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Opportunities

Opportunities. Summer Fellowship in Biogeochemistry and Climate Change http://www.ess.uci.edu/~jkmoore/ucireu_files/projects.htm Summer Course to be offered at University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories on San Juan Island

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Opportunities

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  1. Opportunities • Summer Fellowship in Biogeochemistry and Climate Change http://www.ess.uci.edu/~jkmoore/ucireu_files/projects.htm • Summer Course to be offered at University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories on San Juan Island MARINE AND COASTAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE: Concepts and Practice Session B July 16 - August 18, 20075 weeks: M-F 8-5; S 8-12 (9 credits) kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu

  2. Phytoplankton Dr. Dawn A. Osborn dawn_a@cox.net Environmental Processes in Oceans and Lakes

  3. Outline • Terms/definitions • Classification • Major taxa with examples

  4. Phytoplankton • Phyto (Greek, plant) • Plankton (Greek, drifter) • Contrast with nekton (Greek, swimmer) • benthos(bottom dwellers) barnacles, mussels, crabs • Macrophytesseaweed • Different habitats for different species

  5. Autotroph – organisms that can synthesize organic compounds, primary producers

  6. Phytoplankton • Marine plants can be motile • Spin, rotate, twirl Advantages??

  7. http://www.me.jhu.edu/~lefd/shc/digital.htm

  8. PhytoplanktonSize Classifications • Picoplankton (0.2 - 2 μm) • Dominant size in the sea. • Nanoplankton (2 – 20 μm) • Net plankton ( >> 20 μm) • caught by standard plankton nets

  9. 6:1 3:1

  10. PhytoplanktonEcological Classifications • r-selectedOpportunistic species, live in variable, unpredicatable environments Respond quickly to favorable conditions Bloom and bust cycles • K-selectedConstant, predictable nutrient supply Larger in size and slow-growing, long lived Utilize resources effeciently

  11. Major Taxa of the Phytoplankton • Prokaryotes Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) Other eubacteria (purple sulfur bacteria) • EukaryotesChromophytes (Golden-brown algae) Diatoms(Bacillariophyceae) Prymnesiophytes Chrysophytes, Cryptophytes SilicoflagellatesChlorophytes (Green algae) • Dinoflagellates (Pyrrophyceae)

  12. Cyanobacteria • Includes many of the picoplankton, and floaters (lagoon scum) • Many do Nitrogen Fixation • Smallest and most abundant phytoplankton in the ocean by far • Tropical

  13. Cyanobacteria

  14. Diatoms • Have silica shellsappear in sediments • Fast “r” growers in most cases • Golden brown color • Coastal waters • Two forms: pennate, centric • Some toxic (domoic acid)

  15. Diatoms

  16. Diatom Skeletons (tests) Centric Pennate

  17. Nitzschia pungens

  18. Prymnesiophytes

  19. Coccolithophorid bloom off Newfoundland Emiliana huxleyi SeaWiFS Project and ORBIMAGE

  20. Green in color Rare in the ocean Can be motile Related to higher plants and land plants Chlorophytes

  21. Motile (2 flagellae), can have a test (cellulose-like) Many are toxic Most red tides are dinoflagellates All waters, esp. warm Are also often symbionts of benthic and pelagic “heterotrophs” Dinoflagellates

  22. Dinoflagellates Ceratium Dinophysis

  23. Pfiesteria

  24. Gonyaulax

  25. Dinoflagellate Red Tide

  26. Many cnidaria (corals, anenomes) have dinoflagellate symbionts called zooxanthellae. Also many species of planktonic protists (radiolaria, acantharia, foraminifera) Dinoflagellate Symbionts

  27. Zooxanthellae • Dinoflagellates → protection, nitrogen and carbon dioxide • Anemones → oxygen and nourishment

  28. End

  29. • • •

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