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Ship Emission Inventories

Ship Emission Inventories. Chris Whall & Andriana Stavrakaki. Introduction. Introduction Entec's Approach Data Sources Uncertainties Enhancements. Introduction The Scale of the Issue. SO 2 NO X PM VOCs CO 2. Introduction Ship Emissions - Entec's Involvement. IMO

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Ship Emission Inventories

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  1. Ship Emission Inventories Chris Whall & Andriana Stavrakaki

  2. Introduction • Introduction • Entec's Approach • Data Sources • Uncertainties • Enhancements

  3. IntroductionThe Scale of the Issue • SO2 • NOX • PM • VOCs • CO2

  4. IntroductionShip Emissions - Entec's Involvement • IMO • European Commission • DEFRA • Norwegian Ministry • CONCAWE

  5. Introduction Entec's Involvement - Objectives • Quantification • Geographical Distribution • Assignment / Allocation • Policy Scenarios • Link to Impact Assessment

  6. Overall Approach • Activity Based • Bottom-Up Approach • Top-Down Approach • Smaller Vessels • Fishing Vessels

  7. Overall Approach • EMEP Domain • 50 x 50 km • 10 x 10 km enhancement • 5 x 5 km enhancement

  8. Overall Approach Vessels Power of ME and AE engines (kW) Load Factors ME & AE engines Load factor and Operational time Routes In 50x50 grid cells Moves Provided by LMIU database Speed (km/h) of vessel per Vessel Type or Time in Port Distance (km) Travelled by Vessels at Sea Effective kW Power of ME and AE engines Energy (kWh) Output by Vessels Emission factors (g/kWh) by Vessel Type Emissions (g) By grid cells

  9. Overall Approach Route Network • GIS Based Methodology • Routes a Combination of • Shortest Straight Line Route (Avoiding Land) • BP Marine Distance Tables & Routes

  10. Data Sources • LMIU Movements Database • Port Data • Characteristics Database • Emission Factors

  11. Data SourcesMovements Database • Provided by Lloyd's Marine Intelligence Unit (LMIU) • Port-based Lloyd's Agency Network • "aims to cover all merchant vessels over 100gt engaged in international trade" • 46,000 Merchant Vessels, Over 6000 Ports • IMO Number • Vessel Type • Flag • Port/Place details including: • Port Name, Country, Latitude/Longitude, Arrival/Departure Port, Arrival/Departure Dates or Estimates and where available, Arrival/Departure Times or Estimates

  12. Data Sources Characteristics Database • Provided by LMIU / Lloyds Register Fairplay (LRF) • Vessel Characteristics • IMO Number • Vessel Type • Service Speed • GT / DwT • Fuel Types • Fuel Consumption • Engine Characteristics • Main Engine (ME) / Auxiliary Engine (AE) • Engine Speed (RPM) • kW for Each Engine

  13. Data Sources Managing Incomplete Data • LMIU Movements Data • Timetables – Time in port • Time of Arrival & Departure • Automatic Identification (AIS) Network (Passenger) • Characteristics Data • Need as a Minimum kW ME and AE • Assumptions and Vessel Profiling to Account for Missing Data • Fuel Type • Auxiliary Engine Details Lacking

  14. Data SourcesEmission Factors • Originally Developed by IVL • Based on Monitoring Data and Literature Survey • Presented as 15 Engine Type / Fuel Type Combinations • At Sea / Manoeuvring / At Berth • NOX / SO2 / CO2 / HC / PM • Load factors for ME and AE operation • Updated for Policy Scenarios and Future Years

  15. Areas of Uncertainty • Uncertainty at all Stages • Movements • Resolution of Database • Accuracy of Route Network • Characteristics • Fuel Type, Sulphur Content & Use • Engine Type (RPM) • Installed Power • Service Speed • Emission Factors • Load Factors • Future Growth in Movements

  16. Possible Refinements • Movements • Improve Port Time Estimates – LMIU Database • Use of AIS Data • Enhance Accuracy of the Shipping Routes • Vessel characteristics • Improvements in Data Capture for Characteristics • Assumptions • Reduce the Number of Assumptions • Refine assumptions / Sensitivity analysis • Emission Factors

  17. Conclusions • Emissions from ships are significant • Emission inventories inform policy • Entec's approach – Bottom up • Emissions calculated by Engine Type / Engine Speed / Fuel Type and Movements data • Need to recognise the inherent uncertainties of emission inventories • New Developments Lead to Reduced Uncertainty

  18. References European Commission Directorate General Environment - Quantification of emissions from ships associated with ship movements between ports in the European Community. Report in three parts: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/background.htm#transport European Commission Directorate General Environment - Service Contract on Ship Emissions: Assignment, Abatement and Market-based Instruments Task 1 - Preliminary Assignment of Ship Emissions to European Countries http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/task1_asign_report.pdf European Commission Directorate General Environment - Service Contract on Ship Emissions: Assignment, Abatement and Market-based Instruments Task 2 - General report on abatement techniques http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/task2_general.pdf IIASA - Analysis of Policy Measures to Reduce Ship Emissions in the Context of the Revision of the National Emissions Ceilings Directive http://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/reports/IR06-107_Ships.pdf http://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/reports/IR06-107-Ships_Appendices.pdf CONCAWE – Ship Emissions Inventory – Mediterranean Sea http://www.entecuk.com/downloads/Concawe_Final_Report_170407_v1_WEB_LOWRES.pdf

  19. Ship Emission Inventories Thank you

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