Nutrition & Energy Flow

1. Nutrition & Energy Flow Energy—The ability to cause change.

2. Obtaining Energy • Ultimate source of all energy is from the sun. • Autotrophs • A.K.A--Producers • Uses light energy to make food • Examples: trees, plants, grass, green algae • Heterotrophs • A.K.A—Consumers • Can’t produce own food • Obtain nutrients by eating other organisms • Decomposers— obtain energy from breaking down dead organisms.

3. Types of Heterotrophs • Herbivore • Feeds only on plants • Carnivores • Feeds on other heterotrophs • Scavengers • Feed on animals that are already dead • Omnivores • Feed on both plants and animals • Decomposers • Break down complex substances of dead organisms

4. Food Chains • Simple model that shows how matter/energy moves through an ecosystem. • Moves from autotrophs to heterotrophs to decomposers • Amount of energy in the final transfer is only a portion of the starting amount • A portion of energy is given off as heat at each transfer Berries Mice Black Bear Energy given off as heat Energy given off as heat Arrow Points To Where The Energy Is Going

5. Food Web • More complex than a food chain • Show multiple food chains • Shows all possible feeding relationships

6. Trophic Levels • A feeding step 3rd Order Heterotroph Lions Carnivore 2st Order Heterotroph Wolves Carnivore Herbivore 1st Order Heterotroph Rabbits Producers Autotroph Grass

7. Quaternary Consumer Top Carnivore Tertiary/Third-order Consumers Secondary/second- order consumers Primary/first order consumers Producers

8. Color the arrows from each of the following to the next level: Producers – green Primary – yellow Secondary – red Tertiary- blue Quaternary- orange Decomposers - brown

9. Biomass Trophic Levels • Can Show Biomass (total weight of living matter) at each level. • It also show the amount that the level above it needs to consume to meet its needs.

10. Energy Pyramid • Each level decreases by 10% • 10% rule! • The energy is lost in the form of heat at each level.