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The Phenomenon of the Night Safari

The Phenomenon of the Night Safari. Bernard Harrison Principal Partner – Creativity & Design Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd. Outline. The Phenomenon Nocturnal Houses Developing the Night Safari Concept Types of Night Developments. The Phenomenon. Zoos open at 9am & close at 5pm.

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The Phenomenon of the Night Safari

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  1. The Phenomenon of the Night Safari Bernard Harrison Principal Partner – Creativity & Design Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  2. Outline • The Phenomenon • Nocturnal Houses • Developing the Night Safari Concept • Types of Night Developments Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  3. The Phenomenon Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  4. Zoos open at 9am & close at 5pm An accepted paradigm throughout the world Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  5. Why? • Because office hours are from 9 am to 5pm • Shops shut in Germany on Sunday….the one day that people have time to shop! Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  6. Why a Night Safari? To display nocturnal animal at night Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  7. When they’re active Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  8. From nightfall until midnight Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  9. In an outdoor, natural setting Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  10. Nocturnal Houses Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  11. Nocturnal Houses • Most tropical mammals are nocturnal • Most birds are diurnal • Frustrated zoo directors & curators for years • Many charismatic mega-vertebrates spend their days asleep Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  12. Nocturnal Houses • National Zoo, Washington, D.C. first started experiments with reverse lighting in the early 1940’s World of Darkness, Bronx Zoo Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  13. Nocturnal Houses • These experiments were imitated & improved at the Brookfield Zoo & Chester Zoo Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  14. Nocturnal Houses • 1953 Bristol Zoo opened first nocturnal house • The phenomenon was soon reproduced all over the world Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  15. Nocturnal Houses • Reverse lighting convinces the nocturnal animal to change its circadian rhythm Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  16. Nocturnal Houses • To achieve this - illumination differential between day & night lighting must be convincing Daylight =100,000lux Moonlight =1lux Night Safari, Singapore Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  17. The Problem With Nocturnal Houses • Cannot display large mammals • Vegetation is very difficult to maintain • Animals don’t have access to sun light • Maintained in small holding spaces Alice Springs Desert Park Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  18. Developing the Night Safari Concept Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  19. Why did we set up the Night Safari? • Forced to review 60 hectares of rain forest • Lyn de Alwis - based it on Tiger Tops Lyn de Alwis Tiger tops, Chitwan National Park Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  20. To see a tiger kill at night Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  21. Some Reserves in Africa offer night views Treetops, Kenya Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  22. Natural night attractions Fairy penguins in Victoria and Tasmania Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  23. Essence of the Night Safari Concept • Bring people in at night when animals are active • Singapore’s nights are cool and pleasant • Simulate moonlight to illuminate exhibits Night Safari, Singapore Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  24. The Need to Change the Model • Need to increased visitor capacity & financial viability • More managed concept • Themed - visit to a national park • Attention to design, lighting & orchestrating experience Night Safari, Singapore Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  25. Financing The single reason why so many great ideas around the world do not fly is insufficient financing Thomas Edison Vacuum Tube Kitten Guillotine Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  26. Financing • Singapore Government took 2 years to approve US$40m Kaziranga national Park, Assam, India Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  27. Financing • Couldn’t believe Singaporeans would leave their TV set at night to visit a forest Night Safari, Singapore Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  28. Planning & Development • Design & construction took 3 yrs - opened 1994 • Developed on 40 hectares of forested & undulating land Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  29. Aerial View of Site Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  30. Visitor Flow Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  31. Animals • Commenced with 1,000 specimens from 100 species • Asia, Africa and South America Flying squirrel in flight Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  32. Large naturalistic habitats Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  33. Habitat Lighting Colour temperature 5000ºK Light Direction Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  34. Habitat Lighting Theatrical focus No fixed level but average of 30 lux Broad, wash lights & narrow, spot lights Warm, orange fire or lamp light in shelters Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  35. Habitat Lighting High masts 8 to 12 m high Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  36. Lighting up the forest Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  37. Lighting up the forest Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  38. Exhibit design Follow general zoo design principles Greater control over what is visible Exhibits as stage sets Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  39. Naturalistic behaviours in naturalistic surroundings Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  40. BOS • Initial tram capacity - 3,500 bums on seats (bos) per night • Increase to 6,000 (bos) Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  41. Business opportunities • Tap new and different market segments • Different time zone - does not compete directly with the day zoo • Can be developed to address slow periods Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  42. Business opportunities • MICE market & Events • Natural dinner package Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  43. Types of Night Developments Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  44. Night Safari as a dedicated attraction • Night Safari, Singapore • Chime-long Night Zoo, China Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  45. Night Safari as a dedicated attraction • Chiang Mai, Thailand • New Delhi - Greater Noida…master planning Night Safari, Chiang Mai, Thailand Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  46. Aren’t deserts logical places? • Hot days & cool nights? • Al Ain, Abu Dhabi…..concept development Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  47. Some have developed Night Zoo • Where fixed lighting is installed into a day zoo • Limited seasons or week ends • San Diego, USA • Taronga, Australia • Taman Safari, Indonesia Taronga Night Zoo Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  48. Indigenous fauna as night attraction? • Paignton Zoo showed wild badgers under artificial lighting Wild badgers at night Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  49. Night Safari concept can be developed in an existing zoo Develop a zone opened only at night Stoat European otter Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

  50. Singapore shifted the paradigm Singapore Government is one of the most risk adverse in the world Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd, 61st Annual Conference of WAZA, August 27 to 31 2006, Leipzig Zoo

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