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“The Cambridge Phenomenon”

“The Cambridge Phenomenon”. “The Power of Networking in Regional Economic Development” 28 th Conference on Entrepreneurship and Innovation – Maribor March 27 2008 Professor Alan Barrell. Agenda and Context. In the Beginning ( or close to it ! ) Chronology of Discovery - Greatness remembered

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“The Cambridge Phenomenon”

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  1. “The Cambridge Phenomenon” “The Power of Networking in Regional Economic Development” 28th Conference on Entrepreneurship and Innovation – Maribor March 27 2008 Professor Alan Barrell

  2. Agenda and Context • In the Beginning ( or close to it ! ) • Chronology of Discovery - Greatness remembered • 1960 – The seeds of CHANGE….The Columbus Spirit • Inspired by Heroes – The Spirit of Enterprise and the Evolution of Networking • Another Chronology – Another Culture • Diversity and Convergence – NOT a paradox…. • Liberated Minds and “Worldthink” • Coherence and Support Structures – A World of Networks • Sustaining Economic and Social Development – Beyond Bureaucracy • Empowering the Next generation – Looking ahead

  3. Cambridge and the East of England Region • Traditional Industries • Agriculture and Food • Fishing • Leather goods - footwear • Wool and Textiles • and the first known inhabitants were the Icini Tribe - Boadicia

  4. Facts about the University The University: • Formed by scholars who settled in 1209 • Has produced more Nobel Laureates than any other university, more than 80. • Has 16,500 full time students and 150,000 alumni worldwide • Has 31 colleges, including 3 graduate colleges • The Chancellor is HRH The Duke of Edinburgh, Vice Chancellor Professor Alison Richard • Collegiate System – mixed populations of Colleges

  5. Cambridge University – Great Scientific and Technological Advances • 1600: Dr William Gilbert – Science of Navigation, map making • 1687: Isaac Newton – “Principa Mathematica” – laws of gravity, fundamentals of nuclear physics • 1704: First Professor of Astronomy – Public Observatory • 1812: Charles Babbage – first “calculating machine” – heralded invention of modern computers • 1857 – Charles Darwin “The Origin of Species” • 1873: Charles Clark Maxwell – “Treatise- Electricity and Magnetism • 1887 : J.J.Thompson – Cavendish Labs – the electron discovered – heralding telephones, radio, television and computers • 1915 : Lawrence and Bragg – X-Ray diffusion • 1929: Frederick Gowland Hopkins – vitamins • 1932: Cockcroft, Walton and Rutherford – Atom first split

  6. Cambridge University – Great Scientific and Technological Advances • 1933: Paul Dirac – Quantum Theory and Position Emission topography • 1934: Frank Whittle – jet propulsion leading to…… • 1941: First jet aircraft flight • 1949: Maurice Wilkes – Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) – First stored programme digital computer • 1953: Crick and Watson – discovered structure of DNA • 1958: Frederick Sanger – Insulin construction – diabetic care • 1960: Charles Oatley – First Scanning Electron Microscope • 1962: Max Peratz and John Kendrew – 3 dimensional structure of proteins • 1968: Anthony Hewish and Jocelyn Ball – “Pulsars” in Astrophysics

  7. Cambridge University – And Discoveries and initiatives in more recent years • 1974: Immuno-suppression in transplantation surgery–Roy Calne • 1982: Aaron Klug – molecular biology, viruses and RNA • 1985: Cesar Milstein – monoclonal antibodies • 1992: Richard Friend and team – Cavendish labs – light emitting and conductive polymers – “Plastronics” • 1996: Human Genome Project at Sanger Centre – results of decades of international research • 2006: Population Health Genetics Foundation ( PHG ) founded • 2007: Joint Venture – Cambridge University – China Pharmaceutics Research Centre –) Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM

  8. BUT….Cambridge in 1960 • Medieval City • Great University and Seat of Learning • Farmers • Not much Industry • Lots of Bicycles • Entrepreneurs …..? • Who wants CHANGE ??

  9. Organisations Environment Issues Technology The death of deference Globalisation New employment patterns But CHANGE is inevitable and its happening all the time ….was in 1960….

  10. All international phone calls 1971 All airline passengers 1975 All mobile phones 1984 All emails 1992 All SMS 1998 Technology – Changing Our Lives -Traffic in one day in 2003:

  11. Information Learning Risk Creativity Reputation Speed Values Cost And all this talk about Competition??

  12. The Competitive Threat“Today’s Peacock is tomorrow’s feather duster”

  13. Lots of Knowledge – but knowledge alone is not enough !!

  14. Why is Knowledge not enough ?.... “Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world” Albert Einstein 1879 - 1955

  15. The “Columbus Spirit” – Exploration, Risk and Adventure…. Not Forgetting…. • Wisdom – “acknowledging what we don’t know – and exercising judgement” • Having Vision • Innovation – Vision into Reality • Research put to USE – for mankind’s benefit • Exploiting and Protecting • Sharing, Synergy and Symbiosis • Liberating minds • Exploiting Cultures and Diversity • Power of People and “Worldthink”

  16. BIO TECHPharmaceuticalsDiagnosticsResearch/InfoToolsIndustrial INFO TECHHardwareSoftwareCommunications GenomicsBioinformaticsProteomics BiosensorsBiochips BioelectronicsMicrofluidicsNanobiotechnologyDrug Delivery NanodevicesNanosensorsNanoelectronics NANO TECHElectricalStructuralBiomedicalEnergy & Environment Three Converging RevolutionsThree Pervasive Technology Platforms – in places like Cambridge

  17. The Cambridge Phenomenon-Cultural and Ethnic Diversity Population in Cambridgeshire – Facts and Estimates Note – “Greater Cambridge” ( 20 miles radius of City) believed higher.

  18. The Cambridge Phenomenon – University Diversity Cambridge University – Overseas Student Population • Increase in total student population in period – 272% • By 2003 overseas students - 17.3% of total • By 2007 overseas students - 19.5% of total (estimated) • Trend discernable in all areas – Arts, Sciences and Clinical.

  19. Back to Imagination - One of the most imaginative thinkers – as a young man….

  20. Who you may more often have seen when more mature – great traveller and networker….

  21. Thinking out of the box… “You look at things and ask - why? but I dream of things that never were and ask - why not?” George Bernard Shaw

  22. Who ever heard of Albert-Szent-Gyorgyi ? He, a Nobel Laureate said……… “Creativity is no more than looking at the same thing as everyone else and thinking something different.”

  23. Extending Creativity and Innovation – exploiting convergence and diversity….realisation dawning…. • CREATIVITY – The ability to develop new ideas and discover new ways of looking at problems and opportunities • INNOVATION – The ability to apply creative solutions to problems and opportunities to enhance or enrich peoples lives • Creativity is THINKING – Innovation is DOING • Both are enhanced by new encounters and connections – knowledge exchange, diversity and convergence can impact through NETWORKING !

  24. Building an Enterprise Society. Networking and Communities – Manageable Units – working where real PEOPLE can influence things National economy Regional economic development Sub-regional development Building communities of enterprise,social inclusion and common purpose

  25. And then there is Entrepreneurship… “Entrepreneurs blow gales of creative destruction.” • Role of the entrepreneur in transforming economies by developing: • New products • New methods of production • New ways of organizing • Untapped raw materials • Enhanced competitive performance Joseph Schumpeter - 1911

  26. Characteristics for Entrepreneurial Regions • Universities and centres of academic excellence • Advanced Science and technology Base • Entrepreneurs with marketable ideas and products • Business angels and established seed funds • Sources of early stage venture capital • Core of successful large companies • Quality management teams and talent • Supportive infrastructure • Affordable space for growing businesses • Access to capital markets • Attractive living environment and accommodation source :- Gibbons - Stanford University 1998

  27. Cambridge in 1960 • Medieval City • Great University and Seat of Learning • Farmers • Not much Industry • Lots of Bicycles • Entrepreneurs …..? • Traditions resisting change • Enter “The Columbus Spirit” • Ready for Culture Change

  28. Beyond University and City – The Greater Cambridge Partnership Area Population: 635,000 Jobs: 359,000 GVA: £12.2bn

  29. Birth of a cluster of world-class technology providers – agents of change….1960 – year of destiny • Combined headcount of technology providers currently exceeds 2,200 in UK • PA Technology employs 3,500 Worldwide • Combined revenues estimated at £300 millions – UK Worldwide ?? • PA technology – Revenues $750millions • Some players have seed funds • 65 identified spin-outs - highly successful incubator models

  30. Cambridge University Cambridge Consultants Ltdspin-out 1960 INCA Ltd 2000 Domino Printing Sciences 1978 WillettInternationalLtd1983 Elmjet Ltd 1986 LinxPrintingTechnologies1986 Support to Imaje (France) formed 1979 XaarPrintingTechnologies1990 Birth of a world-class cluster - Industrial Ink Jet, Cambridge – 70% of World Industrial Ink Jet Industry originated in Cambridge • Total current revenues £1 billion + • Total headcount 3,000+ • Major market share participation worldwide • Diaspora populates Ink Jet Industries in international locations • Ink Jet Cluster has enabled “Plastronics” Cluster – Power of • Networking ++++

  31. The emergence of high-technology clusters in Greater Cambridge – convergence + diversity 50,000

  32. BIO TECHPharmaceuticalsDiagnosticsResearch/InfoToolsIndustrial INFO TECHHardwareSoftwareCommunications GenomicsBioinformaticsProteomics BiosensorsBiochips BioelectronicsMicrofluidicsNanobiotechnologyDrug Delivery NanodevicesNanosensorsNanoelectronics NANO TECHElectricalStructuralBiomedicalEnergy & Environment Three Converging RevolutionsThree Pervasive Technology Platforms

  33. Overlapping Technologies support Overlapping Business Clusters INFORMATION and COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY HEALTH Telecoms Medicalservices Bio-informatics Medical devices and scientific instruments Networking Computing Bio-pharmaceuticals University/ Research Institutes Wireless Inkjet printing Sound & vision Medicalresearch Technology Consulting Publishing Basic Research KNOWLEDGE CREATION Education

  34. A Financial Cluster follows The Technology Cluster - Cambridge Region only - UK only - UK and Europe Cambridge Venture Capital Scene – Estimated total value of funds: in excess of £1.5 billions and Business Angels Groups are active ++++ Siemens VC FNI Venture Capital Prime Technology Ventures Amadeus Alta Berkeley ICT Pall Mall Ventures Create Ventures CRIL Generics Prelude ET Capital Cambridge Gateway TTP Ventures 3i Life Sciences Abingworth Avlar Merlin More than £3.0 million Less than £1.0 million INVESTMENT SIZE

  35. Another Chronology – Another Culture –“Reaching out and….Networking” • 1584: Cambridge University Press – first “spin-out.” Alive and well 2008 • 1818: Horace Darwin – Scientific Instruments Co- evolution of Pye Company Group (now Phillips owned) • 1960: Cambridge Consultants – birth of a “Technology Family • 1970: Cambridge Science Park ( Trinity College) • 1978: Barclays Bank initiative – promoting and financing Hi-Tech Companies:- + Sinclair Electronics + Acorn Computers • 1980: “Clusters” emerge – Electronics / Instrumentation • 1985: First “Cambridge Phenomenon Report” – 350 Hi-Tech companies

  36. Reaching out and Networking – it goes on…. • 1987: St John’s College Innovation Centre ( since then 200 companies – 150 survived, 30 University spin outs) • 1989: First Organised Business Angels Network • 1990: And ongoing – proliferation of Science Parks • 1994: Judge Business School opened – MBA etc • 1995: Emergence of Venture Capital Cluster – including Cambridge University Challenge Fund • 1998: Cambridge Network Ltd formed – still thriving • 1999: CU won bid for $5m of Govt. funding – to start Entrepreneurship Centre • 1999: Developing Technology Transfer Unit

  37. And on…..the momentum and power of Networking • 1999: “Cambridge Massachussett’s Institute” (CMI) “The two Cambridges” – JV with MIT - $150m funding. • 2001: Cambridge Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning ( CfEL ) – major advances in Entrepreneur Education and support – Entrepreneur Summer school. • 2001: “CUE” – Cambridge University Entrepreneurs Student Business Plan and Business Creation activities – a number of companies successfully formed some became international • 2002: Cambridge Angels and Cambridge Capital Group High net worth Angel investor groups • 2002: Library House Ltd – Innovation Research and linking investors and companies – ongoing activity • 2002: 2nd and 3rd Cambridge Phenomenon Reports • 2007: Vibrant technology and Biotech Clusters – 2,000 Innovative Tech companies – 3,500 “All Tech” – 50,000 jobs

  38. Greater Cambridge - More science parks than in any other UK location – and they Network ! • Babraham Bio-Incubator • Cambridge Research Park • Cambridge Science Park • Granta Park • Great Chesterford Research Park • Melbourn Science Park • St John’s Innovation Centre • Peterhouse Science Park • South Fenlands Innovation • Centre • Biopark Welwyn Tenants include: Kodak European Research Toshiba Research Europe Epson (UK) Ltd Hitachi Pfizer Napp Pharmaceuticals Genzyme Therapeutics Ltd Astra Zeneca GlaxoSmithKline Takeda…

  39. Knowledge and Knowledge SHARING – key concepts put into practice

  40. The Cambridge Phenomenon – University at the heart of Networking now…. • Many spin offs from University research groups – Cambridge Enterprise – Business Creation • University people and ideas are at the core of many of the new technology ventures • University organisations have helped develop the infrastructure of the ‘cluster’ (eg, Trinity College and the Science Park; St John’s College and the Innovation Centre, Babraham Research Inst.) • Cambridge has become a magnet for hi-tech and biotech companies – Silicon Fen • Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning “An Exemplar”

  41. Who’s Who - CfEL Entrepreneurs Entrepreneursin Residence Alex van Someren nCipher Phil O’ Donovan CSR Jamie Urquhart Pond Ventures Alan Barrell Library House Visiting Entrepreneurs René Carayol Business Guru Hermann Hauser Amadeus Capital Partners Karan Bilimoria Cobra Beer John Snyder Cambridge Accelerator Richard Green Ubisense Dan Roach Avlar Bioventures Ann Cotton Camfed International Jack Lang Serial Entrepreneur Walter de Brouwer Founder of Starlab

  42. Who’s Who - CfEL Team Dr. Shai Vyakarnam CfEL Director Katharine Price Dr. Jo Mills How Do We Work? • Curriculum development by CfEL • Leverage external expertise to deliver – over 200 entrepreneurs and practitioners • Highly customer focus • Constant assessment on quality of programmes • Build on reputation for excellence to create further growth and expansion Stew McTavish Frances Bycroft Peter Hiscocks (ACHIEVE) Arun Muthirulan Yupar Myint Orsi Ihasz

  43. Entrepreneurial Support Structure – Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning

  44. Intensive one-week course for students, solo entrepreneurs and corporate innovators with technology/ knowledge ideas • Focuses on developing a strategy for each participant’s new venture • Tailored support to individual project needs through investment readiness, technical and market due diligence, mentoring and expert clinics • Access to a network of valuable contacts and sources of investment - 100 contributors involved in delivering each programme • Opportunity to pitch idea to a panel of investors, entrepreneurs and corporate venture heads • Successful nine year track record! 8th -14 July 2007 Cambridge

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