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1896 - 1914

1896 - 1914. Dems. & Reps. Urban; middle class: Writers Teachers College Educated Professionals Scholars Social Workers Politicians. Progressive were not. Not united by geography or occupation Not Populists Not a political party (until 1912). Areas of Reform. Social Justice

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1896 - 1914

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  1. 1896 - 1914

  2. Dems. & Reps. • Urban; middle class: • Writers • Teachers • College Educated Professionals • Scholars • Social Workers • Politicians

  3. Progressive were not.... • Not united by geography or occupation • Not Populists • Not a political party (until 1912)

  4. Areas of Reform • Social Justice • Workers Rights • Social Welfare • Consumer Protection • Political Democracy • Environmentalism

  5. Social Justice

  6. Social Gospel • Social assistance programs • Church to help poor • Catholics, Jews, Christians Jane Addams, Hull House

  7. Settlement Houses c. 1889

  8. Salvation Army ; YMCA

  9. State Reforms • Hiram Johnson (CA) • Workers’ Comp. • Robert La Follette (WI) • Income Tax • Corporate Tax

  10. 16th Amendment • Federal Income Tax

  11. Public Health • Sanitation Systems • Trash Removal • Sewers • Food Inspections • Physical Education • Increased school enrollment • Child Labor laws

  12. Portland High School (2nd free public HS in US)

  13. Moral Reform • Temperance Movement • WCTU • Frances Willard • 18th Amendment • Prohibition

  14. “Muckrakers” • Journalists • Exposed corruption • Leads to major reforms • Ida Tarbell • Upton Sinclair • Jacob Riis • Frank Norris • John Spargo • Lincoln Steffens • Ida B. Wells

  15. Political Democracy

  16. Direct Election of Senators • 17th Amendment • Women’s Suffrage • NWSA , AWSA • 19th Amendment • City Governments • Commissioners • Australian Secret Ballots • Direct Primary

  17. Presidential Nominations 1790 to 1828 Caucus---small group of individuals who would choose a candidate 1828 to 1900 Convention---members from the political parties nominate a candidate Current System Used Direct Primary---allow registered voters to participate in choosing a candidate

  18. Environmentalism

  19. Conservation • Gifford Pinchot • John Muir • Teddy Roosevelt • Newlands Reclamation Act - dams, canals, irrigation projects • Establishes 190 million acres for national forests. • Creation of U.S. Forest Service

  20. Civil Rights

  21. “Social Reality”

  22. Segregation • Southern states • “Redeemer” govts. • Separate public facilities • Unequal Pay Scales • Jim Crow Laws • Literacy Tests • Poll Taxes • Grandfather Clause

  23. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • Supreme Court legalized segregation throughout the nation. • Plessy was only 1/8 black, but still forced to sit in a segregated train car • “Separate but Equal”as long as public facilities were equal • Problem:Black facilities never equal to White facilities

  24. Booker T. Washington • Former slave • Gradualism • Vocational Education • Economic self-sufficiency • Tuskegee Institute • “Atlanta Compromise”

  25. Tuskegee Institute

  26. W.E.B. DuBois • Harvard Professor • Immediate Equality • Niagra Movement (1906) • Black Pride • NAACP • Top 10% • Top 10% accepted into college • Put into “power positions” • Power Structure argument

  27. Ida B. Wells • Lynchings • The Red Record

  28. Lynchings (1890-1920)

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