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Chapter 37

Chapter 37. Circulatory and Respiratory Systems. Questions you should know:. What is the pathway of blood through our heart? What is the purpose of valves in the heart and veins? How are veins, arteries, and capillaries different, same? What is the aorta? What is the SA node and AV node?.

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Chapter 37

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  1. Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

  2. Questions you should know: • What is the pathway of blood through our heart? • What is the purpose of valves in the heart and veins? • How are veins, arteries, and capillaries different, same? • What is the aorta? • What is the SA node and AV node?

  3. Slide 1 con’t. • What is the purpose of smooth muscles in arteries? • What kind of tissue surrounds arteries and veins? • What are systolic and diastolic pressure? • What are some disorders of the circulatory system?

  4. The Sinoatrial Node Section 37-1 Contraction of Atria Contraction of Ventricles Sinoatrial (SA) node Conducting fibers Atrioventricular (AV) node

  5. Capillaries of head and arms Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Aorta Pulmonary vein Capillaries of left lung Capillaries of right lung Inferior vena cava Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs Figure 37-2 The Circulatory System Section 37-1

  6. Aorta Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body Superior Vena Cava Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium Pulmonary Arteries Bring oxygen-poor blood to the lungs Pulmonary Veins Bring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium Pulmonary Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery Aortic Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta Mitral Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle Tricuspid Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle Inferior Vena Cava Vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium Figure 37-3 The Structures of the Heart Section 37-1 Left Atrium Right Atrium Left Ventricle Septum Right Ventricle

  7. Endothelium Arteriole Venule Connective tissue Connective tissue Smooth muscle Smooth muscle Endothelium Valve Endothelium Figure 37-5 The Three Types of Blood Vessels Section 37-1 Vein Artery Capillary

  8. Blood Facts • Collects Oxygen, nutrients, and wastes • Helps regulate temp, fight infections, and form clots • 4-6 liters in your body • 55% of blood is plasma (90% water) • 45% of blood is made up of cells (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)

  9. Red blood cells • Most numerous of blood cells • Transport oxygen • Live 120 days • Made in bone marrow

  10. White blood cells • Help in fighting diseases and infection • Made more often when needed more by body • Live a few days to one month • Made in bone marrow

  11. Platelets • Helps blood clot

  12. Hemoglobin • Iron containing protein that attaches to oxygen

  13. Lymphatic System • Network of vessels that collects material lost by circulatory system and returns it • Each day we lose 3 L of leakage in our tissues • Lymph is the fluid that is collected • Also have lymph nodes that help with infection

  14. Respiratory System • Parts of respiratory system? • How does diaphragm work? • Are muscles involved?

  15. Blood Transfusions Section 37-2 Blood Type of Recipient Blood Type of Donor A B AB O A B AB O Unsuccessful transfusion Successful transfusion

  16. Figure 37-7 Blood Section 37-2 Plasma Platelets White blood cells Red blood cells Whole Blood Sample Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

  17. Figure 37-10 Blood Clotting Section 37-2 Break in Capillary Wall Blood vessels injured. Clumping of Platelets Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin.. Clot Forms Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

  18. Figure 37-12 The Lymphatic System Section 37-2 Superior vena cava Thymus Heart Thoracic duct Spleen Lymph nodes Lymph vessels

  19. Figure 37-14 The Respiratory System Section 37-3 Pharynx Larynx Nose Trachea Mouth Lung Bronchiole Bronchus Epiglottis Alveoli Bronchioles Diaphragm Capillaries Edge of pleural membrane

  20. Figure 37-15 Gas Exchange in the Lungs Section 37-3 Alveoli Bronchiole Capillary

  21. Figure 37-16 The Mechanics of Breathing Section 37-3 Air exhaled Air inhaled Rib cage descends Rib cage rises Diaphragm Diaphragm Inhalation Exhalation

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