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Roma early childhood inclusion Country report

Roma early childhood inclusion Country report. Presentation of Judit Lannert and Szilvia Németh Budapest, 06/07/2011 Hotel Benczúr. The starting point – the framework of the analysis. bennett.paris@gmail.com 2.

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Roma early childhood inclusion Country report

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  1. Roma early childhood inclusionCountry report • Presentation of Judit Lannert and Szilvia Németh • Budapest, 06/07/2011 • Hotel Benczúr TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  2. The starting point – the framework of the analysis TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT. bennett.paris@gmail.com2

  3. Most important connection points among all the actors in the early childhood intervention-oriented institutional system Source: Judit Kereki: [„Regional status assessment to support the network-based development of the early childhood institutional system (Closing research report)”], 2011. TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  4. 1. Background information, data • The estimated number of Roma, regional distribution • Regional differences (See map) • Main characteristics of Romunghro, Olah Gypsy and Beash groups • Child-rearing patterns • Self-perception of Roma TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  5. The estimated number of Roma • In 1993 11% of the newborn babies in Hungary were Roma, while this number was 15% in 2003. • While the proportion of children within the total population below the age of 15 is 16.8%, this proportion in case of the Roma population is 37%, which is partly due to the higher mortality rate of the Roma population and the lower expected lifetime. • In 2001, the proportion of the 0-19 year old was 45.2% among the Roma12 while only 23.2% in the entire . • The proportion of those above 60 years is 20.2% in the total population, while in case of the Roma population this is merely 3.4% TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  6. Regional distribution of Roma I. The capital and its neighbourhood II. South-Baranya, Omansag, Drava-valley III. Zselic, Völgység IV. Inner-Somogy V. The northern front-parts of Bakony-mounties VI. Nógrad-basin VII. Cserhat VIII. The neighbourhood of Ozd IX. The karst of Aggtelek, Szuha-valley X. The Borsod-basin,, The neighbourhood of Miskolc XI. Cserehat, The mountin of Zemplén XII. Bodrogköz XIII. The eastern part of Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg county XIV. The eastern parts of Hajdú-Bihar and Békés counties XV. The central part of Tisza-neighbourhood, Jaszsag TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  7. Language and cultural specificities • Roma population in Hungary is not a homogeneous groupin in the sense of • language and culture • The Roma in Hungary are in general categorized in three major groups: • Romunghro with Hungarian mother tongue, Olah Gypsies speaking Romanes and Beásh Gypsies who speak a dialect of the Romanian language. According to the 2003 Roma survey, Hungarian, Romani, Romanian and other languages are the mother tongue of 86.9%, 7.7%, 4.6% and 0.8% of the Roma population, respectively. • The culture of Roma is not uniform in the traditional sense of the word: each group has its own habits and traditions. (focus-groups’ results) TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  8. Child-rearing patterns • Kemény and associates (2003): the Romunghro Gypsies have less children, live in apartments with better public utilities, show a lower rate of residential mobility than the Olah and Beás Gypsies, and they have the best figures in terms of qualification and employment. The size of the family both at the Romungro (4-5 children) and Olah Gypsy (6-7 children) families was significantly bigger than the non-Roma average, however, they decisively differed from one to the other. • According to public stereotypes: the daily routine of child rearing of Roma is highly child driven that could hamper to develop self-regulation. However our interviews and focus group showed more colourful everyday practice of families. These can be categorized into three groups: 1. traditional one where the mother-in-law sets the main principal of child-rearing, 2. child-driven practice, 3- development-oriented conscious approach based on external experts’ advice. TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  9. The most burning problems of the Roma population – ratio of first and total references Source: Roma társadalom 2010 – gyorsjelentés, Marketing Centrum TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  10. How much Roma trust institutions and organizations(scale) Source: Roma társadalom 2010 – gyorsjelentés, Marketing Centrum TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  11. Access of Roma families to health services • Expecting children (pregnancy) (data of health visitors, researches, interview, phocus group) • Data of perinatal centres, early birth giving, infant mortality, • Regional disparities of health visiting service (filtering, visiting) • What works in Hungary compared to the neighbouring countries: inoculation, giving birth in hospitals, self-chosen obstetrist, gynecological screening, breast feeding (poverty report) TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  12. Infant mortality by geographical regions (‰) (2007-2009) Source: KSH, calculations of Judit Kereki TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  13. New-borns in the perinatal/neonatal intensive centres by the mothers’ age and geographical regions, New-borns in the perinatal/neonatal intensive canters by weight and geographical regions (%), 2009 Source: Perinatal/neonatal centres database, OGYEI TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  14. Number of children cared for by a single health visitor, in regional breakdown (average) Source: Tárki-Tudok (2008): The early intervention system in Hungary – Final report TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  15. Children poverty, TÁRKI report • in 2005, 35.2% of the children (aged 0-18) living in a Romahousehold lived below the poverty line. This is over twice the ratio they found among the children in non-Roma households (14.5%) • According to the data of TÁRKI Household Monitor In 2005, 25% of those affected were living in Northern-Hungary, 23% in the Northern Great Plain region. One third lived in a small settlement (below 2,000 inhabitants) and 53% in a household where the head of the household is low educated. • three out of ten Roma households belonged to the extremely poor. Over one fourth of those suffering from extreme poverty belong to the Roma community TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  16. ECEC • Regional disparities, poor access to services, overcrowded institutions • Segregation in the kindergarten • Kindergarten support and its impact • Good practice of parental involvement: Good Start, Hungarian Sure Start Program TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  17. 14 - 0-3-year-old children attending day care, as % of the 0-3-year-old population by counties (2009) Source: KSH, calculations of the editors (editors’ own calculation) TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  18. Proportion of children attending kindergarten for 3 years, out of the school starters Source: KIR-STAT and calculations of Annamária Gáti TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  19. Dilemmas • Cultural differences, non-reflective educational and other environment • Aministration, finance, strategy • Development, implementation, sustainability • There are innovationas but how they will be sustainable, that is the question! • Integrated nursery-kindergarten • Integrated pedagogical programme in the kindergarten • Kindergarten for all from 3-year-old • Hungarian Sure Start Programme • Helping transition from kindergarten to school • Good Start Programme TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  20. What are the main reasons of poor performance of Roma pupils at school? • The competency test score gap between Roma and non-Roma pupils is approximately one standard deviation for both reading and mathematics, which is similar to the gap between African-American and White students of the same age group in the US in the 1980s. After accounting for on health, parenting, school fixed effects and family background, the gap disappears in reading and drops to 0.15 standard deviation in mathematics. • There are three mediation mechanisms that are almost fully responsible for the disadvantages generated: • these children have no or scarce access to an environment that can help improvetheir abilities and skills, • their health condition is much poorer at birth and in childhood and • the school environment is also much more disadvantaged. • The findings provide a clear guidance to socio-politics. No major breakthrough can be accomplished in reducing the backlog of the Roma minority without definitely mitigating early childhood disadvantages and school segregation and without quality education. • Source: Kertesi, Gábor, and Gábor Kézdi. 2011. "The Roma/Non-Roma Test Score Gap in Hungary." American Economic Review, 101(3): 519–25. TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  21. Questions for the working groups • 1. What are the main problems arising from your personal practice? Are the problems presented by the report well articulated? • 2. What needs to be changed and by whom and how? GRID • 3. How Roma can be actively involved, how to reach them? How can it be done bottom-up? What can be the role of civil organizations of Roma? How to avoid patronizing? TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

  22. Thanks for your attention. • www.tarki-tudok.hu TÁRKI-TUDOK ZRT.

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