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Early Childhood

Early Childhood. Physical and Cognitive Development. Physical Growth & Development. Assignment Group into 4 different groups Each group choose an age 2 yr old, 3 yr. old, 4 yr. old, 5 yr. old Draw a picture of a child that age (remember scale of body) Assign the following to picture

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Early Childhood

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  1. Early Childhood Physical and Cognitive Development

  2. Physical Growth & Development • Assignment • Group into 4 different groups • Each group choose an age • 2 yr old, 3 yr. old, 4 yr. old, 5 yr. old • Draw a picture of a child that age (remember scale of body) • Assign the following to picture • Gross and fine motor development • Visual, tactile, and kinesthetic senses • Hearing and language development • Be ready to share tomorrow

  3. Physical Growth & Motor Skills • Growth uneven over first 20 years • Larger spurt from 1 to 3 years than 3 to 5 years • Top heavy look • Slim down from 2 to 6 years • levels off from about 5 years to puberty

  4. Gross Motor • Running, jumping (arms and legs) • Minimal ½ hour each day • Need to learn motor skill • Limit TV (sedentary activities) 2 hours a day • 4 year old • Comfortable with body • Running easier • Begins to master kicking or catching ball • 5 year old • Daredevil, try new things • 6 year old • Set safety rules and equipment • Seeking independence • Increase daredevil

  5. Fine Motor Skills • Writing, getting dressed, coloring (hands and fingers) • Develop more slowly • 3 year old • Need to think when stacking, painting, coloring, puzzles • 5 year old • Better, skills increased, start tying shoe

  6. Sensory Development • Visual, tactile, & kinesthetic senses • Need to explore & touch different textures • Sand, water, food, grass, paint, play doh. etc • Visual exam by 3 to 4 years • Hearing & Language development • Hearing can be impaired because of colds, ear infections, sinus problems, sore throats, allergies • Otitis media – fluid build-up in the inner ear • Chronic hearing problems leads to language delays therefore cognitive problems in learning

  7. The Brain & the Nervous System • More stimuli = greater neuron growth and development • Birth – ½ of adult size • Age 5 – 90% of adult weight • Left hemisphere controls right side & opposite (most people right handed) • Cognitive delays; birth defects, premature, mental retardation, OHI (ADHD, depression, autism, Aspergers, seizures) • Congenital birth defects – help w/ development • Head start

  8. Nutrition & Health Issues • Need “mixed diets” • Age 2 – eat most family foods, smaller amounts • Children obesity (age 2-5) doubled in past 10 yrs. • Watch sugar and fat intake (fast foods) • Eating habits start young (skipping meals, lg. portions, eating out, high caloric foods) • Low physical activity (TV, video games) • LOOK AT CHART_WHERE ARE YOU • Children's meal pattern: breakfast, snack, lunch, snack, evening meal, snack = small portions • Energy level throughout day

  9. Dental • 2 to 5 yrs have more cavities than past • Less than ½ 2 to 5 yr olds visit dentist at least once a year • Prevent by; cut out sweets (low amounts of fruit juice) no pop • Clean teeth reg, fluoride

  10. Self-Care Behavior • Example- dress, hygiene • Toilet training – usually around age 3 (need patience) • Sleep – (influenced by culture) • Daytime sleeping decreases during first 3 yrs. • age 4- may not need day time naps • Night awakenings common first 4 years • Children 3-8 have sleep problems (nightmares) • Preschoolers have more, dev. Self-taught sleep methods • Bed-wetting in common (1 out of 4 5 yr. olds) (higher in boys) • Causes; genetics, psychological, bladder infections

  11. Illness and Immunization • State requires proof before going to school • 4 – 6 yr. IPV- 4th booster for polio, DtaP- 5th booster for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, MMR- 2nd shot for measles. Mumps, rebella

  12. Child Mortality Rate and Causes

  13. Ages 1 – 4 leading cause of death was unintentional injuries (motor vehicle accidents highest than drowning) • Reason for required seat belts under age of 7 - share law cards • African American children highest (1 leading cause is house fires), than Hispanic, white, Asian/pacific

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