Egypt: Technology & Advancements

By: Camryn Magsby, Molly Kroeger, Ryan Requierme, Samuel Hutchinson Egypt: Technology & Advancements

Weapons Weapons- spears, khopesh, axes, swords, daggers, maces, knives Mace, spear, dagger Khopesh

Copper Tools Copper tools- saws, axes, needle points, knives and many other useful tools, chisels

Bronze Tools Bronze tools- saws, bawdawls, bow drills, axes, adze, chisels The Adze

Wooden Tools Wooden tools- Sickle, rake, mallet, scoop for grain, hoe, they stole the chariot from the Hyksos The Hoe

What the tools Were Used For • Most wooden tools used for farming • Bronze tools used for building • Copper tools used for defense and building

Pyramids Pyramids had storage rooms, courtyards, traps, and secret passage ways. King Djoser built the first pyramid by stacking 6 mastabas on top of one another. Once pyramid making improved they took earth grounds and stacked them on the mastabas. 1st step: Build a small mastaba tomb on the ground. 2nd step: Then put dirt around it. 3rd step: Make ramps out of the dirt to Get the stones to higher levels. 4th step: Place stones over the dirt. The Great Sphinx was made by carving stone. It is 200 feet wide and 60 feet tall. King Cheprens face is carved into the Sphinx with a lion's body to show dominance. At Giza just west of Cairo a great pyramid was built. All pyramids were built on the west side of the Nile river. They believed that the west region was the land of the dead. There are three Giza pyramids. Each Giza pyramid had a complex once. Each entrance faced the Nile river. There were many hieroglyphics found in each pyramid. There were also many bas-reliefs. Hammers, wooden mallets, copper, and bronze chisels, stone picks with wooden handles all have been found near pyramids. Measurements if pyramids were based on "royal cubits" (1.72 feet). Pyramids are 93 cubits 1/3 tall. Mastaba-a large square stone

Rosetta Stone • The Rosetta Stone is a stone with writing on it in two languages (Egyptian and Greek), using three scripts (hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek). The Rosetta Stone is written in three scripts because when it was written, there were three scripts being used in Egypt. The first was hieroglyphic which was the script used for important or religious documents. The second was demotic which was the common script of Egypt. The third was Greek which was the language of the rulers of Egypt at that time. The Rosetta Stone was carved in 196 B.C. and was found in 1799 by French soldiers who were rebuilding a fort in Egypt. It’s called the Rosetta Stone because it was found in a city called Rosetta. The Rosetta Stone lists all the pharaohs and all the good things they’ve done.

Papyrus • One of the many Gifts of the Nile, was a weed called papyrus. This weed grew wildly along the shores of the Nile River. The ancient Egyptians used papyrus to make baskets, sandals, mats, rope, and paper.

Hieroglyphics The Ancient Egyptian language of hieroglyphics dates back as far as 3000 B.C. There are thousands of uses for hieroglyphics. One symbol could have three different meanings. It could be phonetic sound or a representative of the picture. After the Roman Empire invaded Egypt, hieroglyphics became less popular. In 1798, Napoleon invaded Egypt, and discovered the Rosetta Stone a year later. The Rosetta Stone contains two parts of hieroglyphics-The Ancient Hieroglyphics and The Demotic Hieroglyphics. The most amazing facts about hieroglyphics contained on the Rosetta Stone was that they came with a Greek translation. Hieroglyphics were mostly displayed on pyramids and tombs of the royalty. Hieroglyphics played an important role in displaying the history of the Egyptian nation and particularly the accomplishments and feats of the Egyptian pharaohs. Archeological digs of the pyramids have proven that hieroglyphics were also used on jewelry as well as nameplates for royalty.

Hieroglyphics Samuel Hutchinson Camryn Magsby Ryan Requierme Molly Kroeger James Parsons

Clothing Because of Egypt’s hot climate, Egyptians used linen fabric made from flax to make clothing. Sandals were worn to stay cool. Linen, the most common material used in Ancient Egyptian times, was made by the Egyptians themselves and was nearly always white.Sometimes, Egyptians would get meager amounts of silk for special celebrations.At times kings and queens would wear decorative feathers on ceremonial clothing. Animal skins would also be worn by priests and pharaohs as their role as the first servants to their gods. Most of the clothing was made by women while the men worked in the fields. When there was a special ceremony, rich and poor people would dress up in wigs, lots of eye make up, jewelry, and perfume. Since Egypt was hot, children wore very little clothing or they were usually naked. Both men and women wore tunics (long t-shirt-like pieces of cloth that would fall down to the men’s knees and women’s ankles) which were sewn for their own personal body type. The men’s clothing was mainly skirts and ‘tube tops’. Women however wore long dresses.

Egypt: Technology & Advancements