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Single-Subject Research

Single-Subject Research. July 25, 2001 EAF 410. Unique Feature. Data collected and analyzed for one subject at a time study changes after treatment developed in special education. Single-Subject Designs. Generally use line graphs to depict Page 227, Figure 9.2. Single-Subject Designs.

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Single-Subject Research

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  1. Single-Subject Research July 25, 2001 EAF 410

  2. Unique Feature • Data collected and analyzed for one subject at a time • study changes after treatment • developed in special education

  3. Single-Subject Designs • Generally use line graphs to depict • Page 227, Figure 9.2

  4. Single-Subject Designs • A-B Design • Data on same subject • Two conditions or phases • pretreatment/baseline = A • treatment = B

  5. Single-Subject Designs • A-B-A Design (reversal) • Adds another baseline period

  6. Single-Subject Designs • A-B-A-B Design • Two baseline periods • Two treatment periods

  7. Single-Subject Designs • B-A-B Design • Behavior such that can’t wait to establish a baseline • Lack of behavior • Intervention already occurring

  8. Single-Subject Designs • A-B-C-B • Modification of A-B-A design • variation of intervention = C

  9. Single-Subject Designs • Multiple Baseline Designs • Used when not proper or ethical to withdraw treatment • Collect baseline on several variables for one subject during same time • Treatment systematically applied

  10. Internal Validity • Condition length • Variables change from one condition to another • Degree and speed of change • Return to baseline level • Independence of behaviors • Number of baselines

  11. Controlling Threats • Single-subject designs most effective in controlling for: • subject characteristics • mortality • testing • history

  12. Controlling Threats • Less effective in controlling: • location • data-collector characteristics • maturation • regression

  13. Controlling Threats • Weak when controlling: • instrument decay • data-collector bias • attitudinal • implentation

  14. External Validity • Weak in generalizability • How can you generalize from one subject? • Must rely on replications

  15. Other Designs • Multi-treatment design • Alternating treatments design • Multi-probe design

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