Software-Defined Radio Base Stations for Voice

1. Software-Defined Radio Base Stations for Voice/GPRS/EDGE/3G Bennet Wong Director of Technical Sales AirNet Communications Corporation 100 Rialto Place, 3/F. Melbourne, Florida, U.S.A. 32901 +1 (321) 676 6703 bwong@aircom.com www.aircom.com

2. Software-Defined Radio Base Stations for GPRS/EDGE/3G Concepts of Wideband Software Defined Radio (SDR) BTS Advantages of SDR Base Station for GPRS, EDGE and 3G Adaptive Antenna Requirements for SDR Future Developments

3. Considerations in Migration to GPRS, EDGE and 3G Networks Handset availability Voice/Data Handsets Form factor, weight, battery, Cost Standards WAP, JAVA, Mobile IP, UP, HDML, Bluetooth, etc. GPRS, EDGE, EGPRS, WCDMA, CDMA2000, CD/TDMA, etc. ISP Partnerships AOL, AT&T, Microsoft, Going alone Costs Re-inventing the network for data Quality of Service Maintaining voice quality of service

4. Concepts of Software Defined Radio BTS Convert analog signal to wideband digital as close to the antenna as possible Information is extracted from the signal with software processing A computer-like multiprocessor architecture Special-purpose and general purpose processors are dynamically assembled and loaded with waveform software to configure a channel

5. SDR Base Station: Goals Reconfigurable Through Software Downloads Scalable Platform Can Be Reconfigured For Multiple Air Interfaces & Advanced Technology AMPS -- CDMAOne -- CDMA-2000 AMPS -- D-AMPS -- EDGE GSM -- EDGE -- W-CDMA Adaptive (smart) antennas Open System/subsystem Interface Modular, open hardware

6. Critical Issues & Technologies 2G - 2.5G - 3G Infrastructure Transition Multiplicity of air interface standards Reconfigurability, standards, verification, security Scalability Macrocell, microcell, picocell 10�s - 100�s simultaneous call processing Higher bandwidth for wireless multimedia Incorporation of Advanced Technology Adaptive antennas, advanced codecs & equalizers

7. Who Benefits & How? The Network Operator Commonality: single platform - multiple air interfaces Upgradability: software change - no �forklift� upgrades Flexibility and spectrum efficiency: transition to 2.5G and 3G when and where needed The User Improved services: higher bandwidth wireless internet services Download new features (Internet model for wireless)

8. How Will Software Defined Radio BTS Affect the Digital Wireless Market? Ease the impact of multiple global standards Software change = new air interface, codec, equalizer... Accelerate deployment of new wireless technologies including 3G, adaptive antennas High-bandwidth wireless multimedia/Internet Smaller handsets with increased battery life Change the dominant design This world moves from hardware to software model

9. Industry Trends

10. DSP Applications in SDR Computing technology can be applied to the radio at the baseband end, where DSP techniques could be applied to the relatively slowly-varying baseband signals. Baseband information could be subjected to various useful algorithms (addition of error correction bits for digital streams, digitization of voice/video, and subsequent data compression). The digitized data was then fed back into analog circuitry to modulate the actual transmission waveform. Clock rates of DSP circuitry have increased greatly, DSP techniques are becoming applicable to the RF section of the radio. This development has spawned the advent of broadband radio, where a very wide RF bandwidth can be received by a radio, and then DSP techniques can be applied to isolate separate signals within that bandwidth. A single radio can receive and process many separate RF signals that previously would have required a multiplicity of radios. This ability will be crucial in the near future as data and voice converge and the ability to support multiple protocols becomes an essential characteristic for a cost-effective base station implementation.

11. Narrowband - Obsolete for High Capacity Voice

12. Narrowband - Even Worse for Data & 3G

13. Wideband Software Defined Radio BTS - Optimal for High Capacity Voice

14. Wideband Software Defined Radio BTS - Best Architecture for Data & 3G

15. SDR BTS is More Flexible

16. Mobile Data Roadmap

17. Wireless Data Standards WCDMA based on 3GPP GPRS based on 3GPP Moved from ETSI & T1 EDGE based on 3GPP Moved from ETSI & T1 Standards Evolution and Modifications --A Fact of Life: As standards evolve, a flexible software defined architecture allows for easy modification or change This capability mitigates the impact of such changes

18. GPRS Coding Schemes

20. Operators Will Need More Capacity to Support New Customer Usage Patterns Higher minutes of use per customer - wireline substitution High-speed data GPRS and EDGE potentially require higher C/I than voice Some Urban Areas Are Already Running Out of Capacity No new frequencies available Must get more capacity from existing frequencies Adaptive Antennas Dramatically Improve Capacity Narrow antenna beam �follows� the subscriber Dramatically reduces co-channel interference Increases system capacity by up to 400% N=4 reuse pattern Adaptive Antennas

21. Adaptive Antennas Broadband, Software-Defined Basestation Enables Adaptive Antenna Solutions Smaller size Strong processing power Integration of AA software in BSS Example: An Adaptive Antenna Basestation Supporting 12 GSM Carriers with 8 Antenna Elements Traditional narrowband: 208 RF components AirNet broadband: 24 RF components AirNet Adaptive Antenna Solution Lowest cost Smallest size Highest reliability

22. AirNet GSM Technical Advantage Wideband Software Defined Radio - AdaptaCell BTS Open computing and switching platforms Utilize up to date DSP and AD/DA technologies Fully Digital Filtering/Modulation and Combining No loss in link budget with capacity growth Wideband Based (10 MHz) RF Stream Commercial Wideband Linear Power Amplifier system for 2.5 years Basis for WCDMA (3G) Smooth Evolution Path to EDGE and WCDMA Retain existing hardware or software Backhaul Free AirSite BaseStation For suburban, rural and highway coverage Unique patented point-to-multi-point GSM radio GSM Association 1998 Best Technical Innovation Award

23. 3G Network Architecture Future Wireless Infrastructure High Speed Data Overlays Packet-Switched Voice and Data Circuit Switched Voice Distributed Architecture Open Interfaces Software Defined Radio Protocols WCDMA, EDGE, GPRS TDD, Other advanced air interfaces SDR, MCPA, Digital Filters are key enablers Don�t install throw-away hardware and platform !

24. The AirNet Approach GSM Phase 2+ System N x 10MHz Based Wideband system software adapted modified for GSM Backhaul-Free AirSite for fast payback on rural sites AdaptaCell Wideband BTS for high capacity urban Risk-free Evolution to GPRS, EDGE and WCDMA Minimize investments Wideband Software Defined Radio allows support of all desired protocols based on market needs and terminal availability Only reasonable way to migrate to 3G, no hardware/software throw-away

25. Future Developments on SDR SDR Is Maturing fast as a Main-Stream BTS technology Enjoying strong technology curves on DSP, digital filters, wideband amplifiers Excellent vehicle for Adaptive Antenna, intelligent RF reuse schemes, dynamic channel allocation Path to 3G and Full Frequency Agility Path to multiple standard air interface