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Cellular respiration

Biology 11. Cellular respiration. Cellular Respiration. Occurs in every cell in your body Converts glucose to ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) ATP = Energy currency for most cellular processes. Respiration does NOT equal breathing.

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Cellular respiration

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  1. Biology 11 Cellular respiration

  2. Cellular Respiration • Occurs in every cell in your body • Converts glucose to ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) • ATP =Energy currency for most cellular processes

  3. Respiration does NOT equal breathing • Cellular Respiration is NOT the same as breathing • Breathing is the movement of gases between the respiratory membrane of living things and their external environment • Respiration is the process to supply oxygen to the cells of the body

  4. The whole process • Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP (energy) • C6H10O6 + 6 O2  6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP

  5. Aerobic - four steps • Glycolysis • Splitting of sugars • Transition Reaction • Prepared for further reactions • Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Electron Carrier molecules are loaded • Electron Transport System • Transforms stored energy in electron carrier molecules into ATP energy

  6. Step #1 - Glycolysis • Location: Cytoplasm of cell • Literally means “Splitting of Sugars” • One molecule of glucose (C6H10O6) is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.

  7. Step #1 - Glycolysis • Two phases: • Phase 1: Preparatory Phase • Costs 2 ATP • Phase 2: Payoff Phase • Produces 4 ATP • Produces 2 NADH • Glycolysis produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH

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  9. Step #2 – Transition Reaction • Pyruvate is taken into the mitochondria • Carbon Dioxide is lost • Pyruvate attaches to Coenzyme-A to form Acetyl-CoA

  10. Step #3 – The Krebs Cycle • Location: The Mitochondrial Matrix (the jelly part of the mitochondria ) • Oxygen strips Hydrogen from Acetyl Co-A, two at a time. • This provides the electrons for the next step • Results in 4 ATP and lots of NADH and FADH2 • At the end of the Krebs Cycle, all six carbon from the original glucose molecule have been lost in the form of CO2

  11. Step #4 – The Electron Transport Chain • Location: In the Mitochondria • Purpose: To convert the energy stored in NADH and FADH2 to ATP • ~ 32 ATP are produced

  12. Step #4-The Electron Transport Chain • Like moving down a set of stairs, releasing more and more energy • Oxygen is needed for the Electron Transport Chain to function. • It is the final electron acceptor for aerobic respiration • It combines with Hydrogen to form water

  13. Overview:

  14. The Overall Purpose • To Convert Glucose to an energy form that can be used by our cells: ATP

  15. Anaerobic Respiration • Cellular Respiration in the Absence of Oxygen • Two major types: • Lactic Acid Fermentation • Alcoholic Fermentation

  16. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Takes place in hard working muscle cells • A form of glycolysis breaks down glucose into lactic acid • Lactic Acid accumulates during strenuous exercise if sufficient energy is not available. • Produces a net of only 2 ATP • From glycolysis

  17. Alcoholic Fermentation • Location: cytoplasm of yeast cells • Glucose is broken down to alcohol and CO2 • 93% of energy from glucose is stored in bonds of alcohol • This is why alcohol is so flammable.

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