Fix Astronomy Chapter 5

1. Fix Astronomy Chapter 5

2. Question 1 If your mass on Earth is 100 kg, what is your mass on the Moon? A. 100 kg B. 10 slugs C. 60 lb D. 60 kg E. 60 N

3. Question 2 What would happen if a spacecraft was launched with a speed greater than the Earth's escape velocity? A. It would travel into a higher orbit around the Earth. B. It would plunge back into Earth and re-enter the atmosphere. C. It would orbit the Earth at a faster velocity. D. It would travel away from the Earth into the Solar System. E. It would be an unstable orbit.

4. Question 3 Suppose an object is moving in a straight line at 50 km/hr. According to Newton's Law of Motion, the object will A. continue to move at the same velocity regardless of what happens. B. continue to move at the same velocity until acted upon by an outside force. C. slow down to a stop. D. for any force, there always is an equal and opposite reaction force. E. speed up to the speed of light.

5. Question 4 Newton's Second Law of Motion states that the net force applied to an object (with constant mass) is proportional to its A. acceleration. B. momentum. C. velocity. D. position. E. energy.

6. Question 5 According to Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation, if you triple the distance between two masses, then the gravitational force between them will be A. increased by a factor of 2. B. decreased by a factor of 9. C. decreased by a factor of 4. D. increased by a factor of 4. E. decreased by a factor of 6.

7. Question 6 Acceleration is defined as A. displacement divided by time. B. how fast an object moves. C. the rate of change of distance with respect to time. D. speed divided by time squared. E. the speeding up or slowing down of an object (changing velocities).

8. Question 7 A __________________ satellite has a orbital period of 24 hours, which is also the rotation period of the Earth. In this way, a satellite of this type would appear to stay over the same location of the Earth's surface. A. solar orbit B. translunar injection orbit C. geosynchronous D. low orbit E. hyperbolic

9. Question 8 While on the Moon, astronaut Dave Scott demonstrated Galileo's experiment by dropping a feather and a hammer. They reached the surface at the same time because A. the force of gravity is larger on the feather than on the hammer. B. the gravitational acceleration of each object is the same. C. the force of gravity has no effect on either object. D. the velocity of the feather is greater than the hammer. E. the force of gravity varies as the square of the distance of the feather to the surface.

10. Question 9 Newton's Second Law of Motion describes the concept of inertia. A. True B. False

11. Question 10 The escape velocity of Jupiter is smaller than that on Earth. A. True B. False

12. Question 11 A force is a push or a pull that is a vector quantity (magnitude and direction). A. True B. False

13. Question 12 Kinetic energy of an object depends on its mass and velocity. A. True B. False

14. Question 13 In simple language, Kepler's Second Law means A. the period of planets closer to the sun are longer than those farther away. B. a planet moves more slowly when near the Sun than farther away. C. the Sun is at the center of planetary orbits. D. a planet moves more rapidly when near the Sun than when farther away. E. planets move in elliptical with the Sun at one foci.

15. Question 14 Take three identical bricks; strap two of them together and drop them from the same height. Which statement is true? A. The combined bricks will fall twice as fast as the single brick. B. The combined bricks will fall four times as fast as the single brick. C. The gravitational force between the Earth and the combined bricks is twice as strong as the gravitational force between the Earth and the single brick. D. The gravitational force between the Earth and the combined bricks is the same as the gravitational force between the Earth and the single brick. E. The gravitational force between the Earth and the combined bricks is one-half the gravitational force between the Earth and the single brick.

16. Question 15 A hockey puck is seen moving north over a frozen pond at a speed of 2m/sec. A while later it is seen moving west at 2m/sec. Which of the following correctly describes the forces acting on the puck? A. A force has acted, since the direction has changed. B. No force has acted, since the speed is the same. C. A force has acted, but only in a northward direction. D. The above information is insufficient to tell if forces have acted.

17. Question 16 Suppose an astronaut whose mass is 50 kg pushes herself away from an artificial satellite which has a mass of 500 kg. While she is pushing, the acceleration of the satellite is 1 m/s per second. What is the acceleration of the astronaut? A. 1 m/s per second B. 10 m/s per second C. 1/10 m/s per second D. 100 m/s per second

18. Question 17 If the diameter of the Earth were suddenly reduced to one-fourth of its present size while its mass remained the same, how would your weight be altered? A. It would become 4 times as great. B. It would become 16 times as great. C. It would become 8 times as great. D. It would remain unchanged.

19. 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. E 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. B