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Organizing the diversity

Learn about the diversity of organisms, from prokaryotes like bacteria to eukaryotic Protista, Plants, Fungi, and Animals. Discover the morphology, feeding habits, and ecological roles of different domains within the biological classification system. Uncover the fascinating world of extremophiles, diatoms, zooxanthellae, foraminiferans, and more.

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Organizing the diversity

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  1. Systematics; studying the diversity Taxonomy to classify organisms & groups Organizing the diversity

  2. Prokaryotic Bacteria and bacteria-like Simpler Smaller cell size DNA without nucleus Cell wall & other crude protective layers Lack organelles Eukaryotic Protista, Plants, Fungi, & Animals Complex >cell size; 10x larger DNA in nucleus Cell membrane Some also have cell wall Membrane bound organelles specialization Domains Bacteria & Archaea Domain Eukarya

  3. Morphology Rods (bacilli) Spheres (cocci) Spirals Feeding Heterotrophic Autotrophic Photoautotrophic Chemoautotrophic Oxygen pathways Aerobic Anaerobic Facultative anaerobic Decomposers Breakdown DOM Ammonia → nitrate N2 gas → NH4→ nitrate Bacteria

  4. Similar in shape and simplicity to Bacteria Share some genetic similarities with Eukaryotes Extremophiles Temperature (>/= 121o) Salinity pH e.g. hydrothermal vents Archaea

  5. Unicellular algae Plant-like Protists Mostly photosynthetic Autotrophs converting light E to ATP Primary producers Planktonic Drift in the water column Other fun marine microbes

  6. Silicon shell = frustule Glass-like 2 halves like a petri dish Major planktonic 1o producer Dead sink forming much of biogenous sediments Diatoms: Phylum Bacillariophyta

  7. Diatom reproduction

  8. “spinning flagellates” Grooved perpendicular flagella Some produce toxins (like some diatoms) Poison accumulates in shellfish; poisons consumers Red tides Bioluminescent Zooxanthellae Photosynthetic symbionts of anemones and corals Dinoflagellates

  9. Chrysophyta Silicoflagellates Star shaped; silicon Desmids Pectin & silican walls Golden or yellow Coccolithorids Calcium carbonate coccoliths All are important planktonic 1o producers Emiliania huxleyi (E. huxleyi)

  10. Animal-like protists Heterotrophs Unicellular or colonial Various forms Foraminiferans Have a CaCO3 shell Thin extended pseudopods Planktonic or benthic Adds to the calcareous sediments Radiolarians Silica shells; thin pseudopods; planktonic; silicious sediments Ciliates Aggregate shells or sand particles Crown of cilia Protozoans

  11. Heterotrophic Decomposers Breakdown DOM Some parasitic Some symbiotic w/ algae &/or cyanobacteria = Lichens Fungi provide structure & support (home); algae provides photosynthesis products (sugars) Fungi

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