American History Chapter 3: An Emerging New Nation

1. American History Chapter 3: An Emerging New Nation III. Religion and Reform

2. Bell Ringer • What would be your ideal society? • Would it have rules and standards? • What kind of rules? • What kind of values would it promote? • Can you define abolitionism, suffrage, transcendentalism?

3. Objectives • See how religion and philosophy affected the growing American reform movement. • Learn about reform movements that emerged in the early 1800s. • Find out how the antislavery movement arose and grew. • Discover the ways in which women’s roles changed in the early 1800s • Read about factors that caused growing social divisions in America. • Illinois State Standards Met: • STATE GOAL 16: Understand events, trends, individuals and movements shaping the history of Illinois, the United States and other nations. • 16.D.5(US) Analyze the relationship between an issue in United States social history and the related aspects of political, economic and environmental history • 16.E.5a (W) Analyze how technological and scientific developments have affected human productivity, human comfort and the environment.

4. A) The Roods of Reform: Religion and Philosophy • Charles Grandison Finney emphasized the power to reform yourself. Lyman Beecher taught good people will make a good country. • transcendentalism: “rise above” spiritual discovery and insight would lead a person to truths through reason • Henry David Thoreau – people are good – be self-reliant and have courage to act on their own beliefs. • Wrote Walden – book on living simply. • Leader of the transcendentalists was Ralph Waldo Emerson – reformer started an American renaissance in literature – neighbor was Thoreau

5. B) Reform Movements • Temperance Movement: campaign to eliminate alcohol. • Threatened family life • Abstinence: refraining from doing something • Horace Mann in Massachusetts started tax supported free elementary education • Dorothea Dix – Boston school teacher pushed for prison reform. Separate facilities and mental instructions. 23) Utopian communities: small societies dedicated to perfection in social and political conditions.

6. C) The Antislavery Movement • Abolitionist movement: movement to end slavery • Sent freed slaves to Africa – Liberia • William Lloyd Garrison – Boston abolitionist, editor of the Liberator – “I will be heard!” • Fredrick Douglass – ex-slave – abolitionist – editor of the North Star • Underground Railroad: network of escape routes that provided protection and transportation for slaves fleeing north to freedom • Harriet Tubman – “the Black Moses” 300 trips • Elijah P. Lovejoy – Alton Illinois – abolitionist shot and killed defending his printing press

7. D) Women’s Changing Roles • Middle class women became educated wanted to do more • Lower class women worked for money – had to give to husband • No suffrage, no property • Became Abolitionists – both could not vote or hold public office • Harriet Beecher Stowe: Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Senaca Falls Convention: first women’s right convention – Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Suffrage – right to vote • Sojourner Truth – page 133

8. E) Growing Social Divisions • Differences between North and South; rich and poor growing sharper • Irish immigrants settled in the Northeast cities – cheap labor – no jobs in South – potato famine • German immigrants settled in Midwest – failed rebellion • discrimination: unequal treatment of a group because of their nationality, race, sex, or religion

9. Review • How did religion and philosophy affect the growing American reform movement? • What reform movements emerged in the early 1800s? • How did the antislavery movement arise and grow? • In what ways did women’s roles change in the early 1800s? • What factors caused growing social divisions in America?