Possible iPTF /K2 Synergies

1. Possible iPTF/K2 Synergies David R. Ciardi NExScI/IPAC/Caltech 2014 August 29

2. Comparison: K2 & iPTF

3. 18-20 iPTFPointings

5. 9 K2 Fields

6. PTF Coverage

7. Fields With Data

8. Fields of Interest All fields at low ecliptic latitude (< 1 degree from ecliptic) – good for solar system!

9. K2 Points Behind the Earth Campaigns start a maximum of 52 days before each date and end no later than 30 days after each date.

10. Limited Overlap with PTF Ground Observations • Northern Fields easier to do • Most southernly fields (declination ~ -25o) just barely get above airmass of 2 (Fields 2, 7, 9) • Fields 3 and 6 climb above 2 airmass but not for long (declination ~ -12o) • Amount of time fields are available for simultaneous observations depends upon field but is typically 10 - 30 days at the beginning of a campaign

11. K2 Field 2 (declination ~ -22) • Started 22 Aug • Because of low declination, never gets above 2 airmass during the K2 observation window

12. K2 Field 4 (declination ~ +18) • Starts early/mid-February • Because of higher declination available with PTF for first 30-40 days depending on exact field start with Kepler

13. But All Fields Accessible to PTF • Winter fields most accessible – but they precede the K2 observations. • Otherwise, fields are available about 6 – 7 months after K2 campaign • Good timing for enabling of follow-up

14. Identifying Targets for Observing with K2 • Hard to do preparatory observations because of time cycle of proposals • Targets for Fields 4 and 5 due now (late September) • Fields 6 and 7 • First observable Feb/Mar 2015 • Proposals due end of Feb 2015 • Fields 8 and 9 • First Observable • Field 8: Jun/Jul 2015 • Field 9: Apr/May 2015 • Proposals due end of July 2015 • But Field 9 is special

15. Field 9 – mlensingBaades Window • Points ahead of the Earth • Field available from ground throughout the campaign • mlens events observed from Earth and Kepler yields parallaxes • 5 sq deg. dedicated to mlens; 15% to other GO targets

16. What Does PTF Offer? • Wide-field multi-band photometry • High cadence time series photometry • Seeing-limited resolution • Pre or Post SED characterization • Pre or Post or Simultaneous time series data complementary to K2 • Photometric Deblending of K2 targets

17. Clusters • K2 observing about 10 clusters • Need supporting observations to determine • Need wide-field of view • Deep observations to get to end of the main sequence • Cluster membership (color-magnitude diagram) • Deblending (higher resolution imaging) • Pleiades • Hyades • M44 • M67 … • To Name a Few

18. Moving Objects • K2 Fields are all in the ecliptic! • NEOs and asteroids move too much between discovery, K2 proposal process, and start of K2 observations • Slow moving objects discovered by PTF may stay in field long enough to be remain in K2 Field (e.g., Trojans, KBOs, trans-Neputunian objects) • Colors and rotation periods

19. PTF Strengths • Quicker time cadence than K2 • Multiband, wide-field photometry: deeper and better resolution than K2 • All K2 fields observable with PTF • Only northern fields have realistic chance of simultaneous PTF/K2 observing • Except for Field 9 which is the mlensing field • PTF may be good for identification of variable objects worthy of K2 following – if PTF observes the field soon enough (older data?) • PTF is probably better at following up K2 targets discovered to be interesting