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Ch. 4-2

Ch. 4-2. Ecosystems. Factors. Biotic - living Abiotic – living. Factors. Habitat vs. Niche. Habitat Where an organism lives Ex: tree, ocean, burrow Niche What an organism does to be successful Ex: type of food it eats, how it gets food, how they live, how it reproduces

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Ch. 4-2

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  1. Ch. 4-2 Ecosystems

  2. Factors • Biotic - living • Abiotic – living

  3. Factors

  4. Habitat vs. Niche • Habitat • Where an organism lives • Ex: tree, ocean, burrow • Niche • What an organism does to be successful • Ex: type of food it eats, how it gets food, how they live, how it reproduces No two organisms can share the same niche in the same habitat.

  5. Habitat vs. Niche

  6. Community Interactions • Competition • Predation • Symbiosis • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism

  7. Competition • When organisms use the same resource in an environment • Examples • 2 species of lizards eat the same type of insect • 2 trees compete for sunlight by growing tall and having large leaves to block sun from smaller trees

  8. Predation • Also called predatory-prey relationship • One organism captures and feeds on another organism • Examples: • Cheetahs run after and catch prey • Anglerfish uses an appendage to draw other fish close to its mouth

  9. Symbiosis • Relationship in which two species live closely together • 3 types • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism

  10. Mutualism • Both species benefit from relationship • Flowers and insects • Flowers get pollinated • Insects get food

  11. Commensalism • One species benefits, the other is unaffected • Whale and barnacle • Barnacle is moved through the water to get food • Whale is unaffected

  12. Parasitism • One organism lives in or on another and harms it • Parasite obtains nutrients from host • Fleas and dogs • Fleas live on dogs and feed on blood and skin • Dog is itchy and can contract diseases

  13. Ecological Succession • Predictable changes that occur in an ecosystem as time passes and older things die and newer things move in • Sometimes caused by natural disaster or human activity • 2 types • Primary • Secondary

  14. Primary Succession • Succession that occurs where no soil exists • The first species to live there is called the pioneer species • Usually lichens • Lichens die and create soil for plants to grow • Example • Volcanic eruptions • Bare rock exposed after glaciers melt

  15. Primary Succession

  16. Secondary Succession • Occurs after a disturbance, like farming or fire • There is still soil at the start of secondary succession

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