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Applications – The Interface Between Human and Data Networks

This comprehensive guide explores the roles of applications, services, and protocols in transporting data through networks. Learn how protocols support communication and examine various application layer services provided by TCP/IP. Understand TCP mechanisms, managing TCP sessions, and the characteristics of the UDP protocol. Delve into IP addressing structure and define IPv4 addresses.

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Applications – The Interface Between Human and Data Networks

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  1. Applications – The Interface Between Human and Data Networks • Define the separate roles applications, services and protocols play in transporting data through networks

  2. Applications – The Interface Between Human and Data Networks • Explain that applications provide the means for generating and receiving data that can be transported on the network

  3. Applications – The Interface Between Human and Data Networks • Explain the role of applications, services and protocols in converting communication to data that can be transferred across the data network

  4. Applications – The Interface Between Human and Data Networks • Describe the role protocols play in networking and be able to identify several message properties that can be defined by a protocol

  5. The Role of Protocols in Supporting Communication • Describe the roles of client and server processes in data networks

  6. The Role of Protocols in Supporting Communication • List common Application Layers services and protocols

  7. The Role of Protocols in Supporting Communication • Compare and contrast client server networking with peer-to-peer networking and peer-to-peer applications

  8. Features, Operation, and Use of TCP/IP Application Layer Services • Describe the features of the DNS protocol and how this protocol supports DNS services

  9. Features, Operation, and Use of TCP/IP Application Layer Services • Describe the features of the HTTP protocol and how this protocol supports the delivery of web pages to the client

  10. Features, Operation, and Use of TCP/IP Application Layer Services • Describe the features of the POP and SMTP protocols, and how these protocols support e-mail services

  11. Features, Operation, and Use of TCP/IP Application Layer Services • Describe the features of the Telnet protocol and identify several of its uses in examining and managing networks

  12. Features, Operation, and Use of TCP/IP Application Layer Services • Describe the features of the SMB protocol and the role it plays in supporting file sharing in Microsoft-based networks

  13. Features, Operation, and Use of TCP/IP Application Layer Services • Describe the features of the Gnutella protocol and the role it plays in supporting P2P services

  14. Transport Layer Role and Services • Explain the purpose of the Transport layer

  15. Transport Layer Role and Services • Major functions of the transport layer and the role it plays in data networks

  16. Transport Layer Role and Services • Supporting Reliable Communication

  17. Transport Layer Role and Services • Identify the basic characteristics of the UDP and TCP protocols

  18. Transport Layer Role and Services • Identify how a port number is represented and describe the role port numbers play in the TCP and UDP protocols.

  19. Transport Layer Role and Services • Describe the role of segments in the transport layer and the two principle ways segments can be marked for reassembly.

  20. Application and Operation of TCP Mechanisms • Trace the steps that show how the TCP reliability mechanism works as part of a session

  21. Application and Operation of TCP Mechanisms • Describe the role of port numbers in establishing TCP sessions and directing segments to server process

  22. Managing TCP Sessions • Describe the mechanisms in TCP that manage the interrelationship between window size, data loss and congestion during a session

  23. Application and Operation of TCP Mechanisms • Trace the steps in the handshake in the establishment of TCP sessions

  24. Application and Operation of TCP Mechanisms • Trace the steps in the handshake in the termination of TCP sessions

  25. Managing TCP Sessions • Describe how TCP sequence numbers are used to reconstruct the data stream with segments placed in the correct order

  26. UDP Protocol • Describe the characteristics of the UDP protocol and the types of communication for which it is best suited

  27. UDP Protocol • Describe in detail the process specified by the UDP protocol to reassemble PDUs at the destination device

  28. UDP Protocol • Describe how servers use port numbers to identify a specified application layer process and direct segments to the proper service or application

  29. UDP Protocol • Trace the steps as the UDP protocol and port numbers are utilized in client-server communication.

  30. IP Addressing Structure • Describe the dotted decimal structure of a binary IP address and label its parts

  31. IP Addressing Structure • Describe the general role of 8-bit binary in network addressing and convert 8-bit binary to decimal

  32. Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses • Name the three types of addresses in the network and describe the purpose of each type

  33. Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses • Name the three types of communication in the Network Layer and describe the characteristics of each type

  34. Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses • Identify the address ranges reserved for these special purposes in the IPv4 protocol

  35. Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses • Define public address and private address

  36. Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses • Describe the purpose of several special addresses

  37. Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses • Identify the historic method for assigning addresses and the issues associated with the method

  38. Assigning Addresses • Explain the importance of using a structured process to assign IP addresses to hosts and the implications for choosing private vs. public addresses

  39. Assigning Addresses • Explain how end user devices can obtain addresses either statically through an administrator or dynamically through DHCP

  40. Assigning Addresses • Explain which types of addresses should be assigned to devices other than end user devices

  41. Assigning Addresses • Describe the process for requesting IPv4 public addresses, the role ISPs play in the process, and the role of the regional agencies that manage IP address registries

  42. Calculating Addresses • Use the subnet mask to divide a network into smaller networks and describe the implications of dividing networks for network planners

  43. Calculating Addresses • Extract network addresses from host addresses using the subnet mask

  44. Calculating Addresses • Calculate the number of hosts in a network range given an address and subnet mask

  45. Testing the Network Layer • Describe the general purpose of the ping command, trace the steps of its operation in a network, and use the ping command to determine if the IP protocol is operational on a local host

  46. Testing the Network Layer • Use ping to verify that a local host can communicate with a gateway across a local area network

  47. Testing the Network Layer • Use ping to verify that a local host can communicate via a gateway to a device in remote network

  48. Testing the Network Layer • Use tracert/traceroute to observe the path between two devices as they communicate and trace the steps of tracert/traceroute's operation

  49. Testing the Network Layer • Describe the role of ICMP in the TCP/IP suite and its impact on the IP protocol

  50. Data Link Layer – Accessing the Media • Describe the service the Data Link Layer provides as it prepares communication for transmission on specific media

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